Home a. Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring II. Thinking Like a Nurse / The NCSBN Clinical Judgment Model a. Recognize Cues b. Analyze Cues c. Prioritize Hypotheses d. Generate Solutions e. Take Action f. Evaluate Outcomes III. The Nursing Process a. Purpose of the Nursing Process b. Steps of the Nursing Process c. Nursing Process vs. Medical Model d. Assessment i. Clustering of Data ii. Steps in Analyzing Assessment Data iii. Types of Assessment 1. History and Physical 2. Subjective vs. Objective 3. Initial/Comprehensive Assessment 4. Focused Assessment 5. Emergency Assessment 6. Follow-Up Assessment e. Nursing Diagnosis i. Nursing Diagnosis vs. Medical Diagnosis ii. What is a Nursing Diagnosis? iii. NANDA iv. Types of Nursing Diagnoses 1. Problem-Focused (Actual) 2. Risk 3. Health Promotion/Wellness 4. Syndrome v. Parts of the Diagnostic Statement for each Type of Nursing Diagnosis 1. Common Errors Seen with Writing Diagnostic Statements a. Does the etiology and/or defining characteristics “match” the identified nursing diagnosis/patient problem? vi. Prioritization of Nursing Diagnoses f. Planning i. Goals 1. Goal Statement 2. Characteristics of Goals 3. Stem from the Patient Problem/Nursing Diagnosis ii. Outcomes 1. Partially Derived from the Defining Characteristics (if the problem is an actual problem) 2. Characteristics of Outcomes a. SMART Outcomes g. Implementation i. Nursing Interventions 1. Partially Derived from the Outcomes 2. Characteristics of Nursing Interventions 3. Types of Nursing Interventions a. Direct vs. Indirect b. Independent vs. Dependent vs. Collaborative (Interdisciplinary) ii. Implementation of Nursing Interventions h. Evaluation i. How Evaluation Takes Place ii. Continuation vs. Modification vs. Termination of the Plan of Care iii. Parts of an Evaluation Statement IV. The Concept of Elimination a. Intake & Output/Interpreting Fluid Balance b. Prevention of CAUTI c. Common Urinary Elimination Problems (urinary retention, urinary stasis, urinary reflux, urinary calculi, types of incontinence, anuria, dysuria, oliguria, urgency, frequency, UTIs) a. Assessment and prevention for each of the common urinary problems d. Signs of Upper and Lower UTI e. Causes and Prevention of UTI f. Lifespan considerations for urinary and bowel elimination g. Factors affecting urinary and bowel elimination h. Patient education related to urinary and bowel elimination i

a. Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring II. Thinking Like a Nurse / The NCSBN Clinical Judgment Model a. Recognize Cues b. Analyze Cues c. Prioritize Hypotheses d. Generate Solutions e. Take Action f. Evaluate Outcomes III. The Nursing Process a. Purpose of the Nursing Process b. Steps of the Nursing Process c. Nursing Process vs. Medical Model d. Assessment i. Clustering of Data ii. Steps in Analyzing Assessment Data iii. Types of Assessment 1. History and Physical 2. Subjective vs. Objective 3. Initial/Comprehensive Assessment 4. Focused Assessment 5. Emergency Assessment 6. Follow-Up Assessment e. Nursing Diagnosis i. Nursing Diagnosis vs. Medical Diagnosis ii. What is a Nursing Diagnosis? iii. NANDA iv. Types of Nursing Diagnoses 1. Problem-Focused (Actual) 2. Risk 3. Health Promotion/Wellness 4. Syndrome v. Parts of the Diagnostic Statement for each Type of Nursing Diagnosis 1. Common Errors Seen with Writing Diagnostic Statements a. Does the etiology and/or defining characteristics “match” the identified nursing diagnosis/patient problem? vi. Prioritization of Nursing Diagnoses f. Planning i. Goals 1. Goal Statement 2. Characteristics of Goals 3. Stem from the Patient Problem/Nursing Diagnosis ii. Outcomes 1. Partially Derived from the Defining Characteristics (if the problem is an actual problem) 2. Characteristics of Outcomes a. SMART Outcomes g. Implementation i. Nursing Interventions 1. Partially Derived from the Outcomes 2. Characteristics of Nursing Interventions 3. Types of Nursing Interventions a. Direct vs. Indirect b. Independent vs. Dependent vs. Collaborative (Interdisciplinary) ii. Implementation of Nursing Interventions h. Evaluation i. How Evaluation Takes Place ii. Continuation vs. Modification vs. Termination of the Plan of Care iii. Parts of an Evaluation Statement IV. The Concept of Elimination a. Intake & Output/Interpreting Fluid Balance b. Prevention of CAUTI c. Common Urinary Elimination Problems (urinary retention, urinary stasis, urinary reflux, urinary calculi, types of incontinence, anuria, dysuria, oliguria, urgency, frequency, UTIs) a. Assessment and prevention for each of the common urinary problems d. Signs of Upper and Lower UTI e. Causes and Prevention of UTI f. Lifespan considerations for urinary and bowel elimination g. Factors affecting urinary and bowel elimination h. Patient education related to urinary and bowel elimination i

I. The Concept of Caring – 1 question

a. Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring

II. Thinking Like a Nurse / The NCSBN Clinical Judgment Model

a. Recognize Cues

b. Analyze Cues

c. Prioritize Hypotheses

d. Generate Solutions

e. Take Action

f. Evaluate Outcomes

III. The Nursing Process

a. Purpose of the Nursing Process

b. Steps of the Nursing Process

c. Nursing Process vs. Medical Model

d. Assessment

i. Clustering of Data

ii. Steps in Analyzing Assessment Data

iii. Types of Assessment

1. History and Physical

2. Subjective vs. Objective

3. Initial/Comprehensive Assessment

4. Focused Assessment

5. Emergency Assessment

6. Follow-Up Assessment

e. Nursing Diagnosis

i. Nursing Diagnosis vs. Medical Diagnosis

ii. What is a Nursing Diagnosis?

iii. NANDA

iv. Types of Nursing Diagnoses

1. Problem-Focused (Actual)

2. Risk

3. Health Promotion/Wellness

4. Syndrome

v. Parts of the Diagnostic Statement for each Type of Nursing Diagnosis

1. Common Errors Seen with Writing Diagnostic Statements

a. Does the etiology and/or defining characteristics “match” the identified nursing diagnosis/patient problem?

vi. Prioritization of Nursing Diagnoses

f. Planning

i. Goals

1. Goal Statement

2. Characteristics of Goals

3. Stem from the Patient Problem/Nursing Diagnosis

ii. Outcomes

1. Partially Derived from the Defining Characteristics (if theproblem is an actual problem)

2. Characteristics of Outcomes

a. SMART Outcomes

g. Implementation

i. Nursing Interventions

1. Partially Derived from the Outcomes

2. Characteristics of Nursing Interventions

3. Types of Nursing Interventions

a. Direct vs. Indirect

b. Independent vs. Dependent vs. Collaborative (Interdisciplinary)

ii. Implementation of Nursing Interventions

h. Evaluation

i. How Evaluation Takes Place

ii. Continuation vs. Modification vs. Termination of the Plan of Care

iii. Parts of an Evaluation Statement

IV. The Concept of Elimination

a. Intake & Output/Interpreting Fluid Balance

b. Prevention of CAUTI

c. Common Urinary Elimination Problems (urinary retention, urinary stasis, urinary reflux, urinary calculi, types of incontinence, anuria, dysuria, oliguria, urgency, frequency, UTIs)

a. Assessment and prevention for each of the common urinary problems

d. Signs of Upper and Lower UTI

e. Causes and Prevention of UTI

f. Lifespan considerations for urinary and bowel elimination

g. Factors affecting urinary and bowel elimination

h. Patient education related to urinary and bowel elimination

i. Nursing considerations for administering enemas and inserting urinary catheters

. Documentation

a. Purposes & significance of nursing documentation

b. Purposes of the Electronic Health Record (EHR)

c. Legal and ethical considerations related to nursing documentation

i. HIPPA

ii. Security measures when using electronic documentation

iii. De-identification of patient data

d. Guidelines for quality documentation

i. Clear- factual & accurate

ii. Concise

iii. Complete

iv. Timely

e. General guidelines for documentation

i. Concise and complete

ii. Document only after providing care

iii. Use only accepted abbreviations and terminology

iv. Correct spelling

v. Correct sequence of information

vi. Must Include Date/Time/Signature

f. Technology to promote safety

i. Barcode medication administration (BCMA)

ii. Clinical decision supports (CDS)

g. Methods of documentation

i. Narrative

ii. Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR)

iii. Progress Notes

1. SOAP (Subjective, Objective Assessment, Plan)

2. SOAPIE (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan, Intervention, Evaluation)

3. PIE (Problem, Intervention, Evaluation)

4. Focus Charting [DAR] (Data, Action, Response)

5. Charting by Exception

h. Communication

i. Change of Shift Report

ii. SBAR

i. Types of orders & implications of each

i. Verbal/telephone orders

ii. STAT

iii. Now

iv. PRN

v. On-call

vi. Routine

j. Incident/variance reports

II. Medication Administration

a. Roles of the nurse in medication administration

b. Types of medication orders

c. Components of a medication order

d. Rights of medication administration

e. Medication reconciliation

f. Medication errors

i. How to respond in the event of a med error

ii. Documentation of medication errors

g. Pharmacological concepts

i. Medication Half-Life

ii. Onset

iii. Peak

iv. Duration

v. Therapeutic Effect

h. Medication routes

i. Oral meds (forms of oral meds, crushing oral meds)

ii. Topical meds (paste vs. transdermal patch vs. ointment)

iii. injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous) => injection sites, appropriate needle
length, gauge, and angle of insertion according to patient size/age)

iv. Understand how route correlates to time until effect for IV, sublingual, IM, subcut
& PO routes

III. The Concept of Tissue Integrity

a. Functions of the integumentary system

b. Factors that affect tissue integrity

c. Pressure injury risk factors

d. Braden scale

e. Staging of Pressure Ulcers

f. Skin assessment and documentation of wounds

g. Interventions to improve wound healing

h. Wound complications-assessment & nursing actions
i. Dehiscence
ii. Evisceration
iii. Hemorrhage
iv. Infection

i. Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Intention

j. Stages of wound healing

k. Signs of Inflammation

l. Lifespan considerations

m. Interventions to prevent pressure ulcers

n. Management of pressure ulcers

IV. The Concept of Mobility / Safe Patient Handling

a. Complications of immobility

b. Lifespan considerations

c. Falls

i. Prevention

ii. Assessment

iii. Documentation of falls

iv. Nursing actions in the event of a fall

d. Nursing actions aimed at reducing complications associated with immobility

I. The Concept of Pain

a. Define pain

b. Signs & symptoms of pain

c. Pathophysiology & etiologies of pain

d. Physiological & behavioral responses to pain

e. Types of pain

i. Nociceptive pain

ii. Neuropathic pain

iii. Acute vs. chronic pain

iv. Idiopathic pain

v. Central pain

vi. Phantom pain

vii. Psychogenic (emotional) pain

f. Factors influencing pain

g. Assessing pain

h. Nursing interventions to manage pain

II. The Concept of Oxygenation

a. Factors affecting oxygenation

b. Hypoxia vs. hypoxemia

c. Alterations in respiratory function

d. Assessments & diagnostics related to oxygenation

e. Oxygen delivery devices

i. Indications for which device to use

ii. # of liters delivered via each device

iii. Percent of oxygen delivered via each device

f. Nursing interventions to promote effective oxygenation

g. Home oxygen therapy

III. The Concept of Infection

a. Terms:

i. Communicability

ii. Virulence

iii. Colonization

iv. Superinfection

b. Localized vs. systemic infections

i. Signs & symptoms of each

c. Acute infection vs. Chronic infection (know examples of each)

d. Factors that increase infection risk

e. Stages of infection

f. MDRO’s

g. MRSA

i. VRE

h. Chain of infection

i. Standard precautions

j. Transmission-based precautions (describe the precaution and what PPE are necessary to use)

i. Know what transmission-based precautions (if any) might be used for these infections:

1. Varicella Zoster

2. HIV

3. Hepatitis B & C

4. Clostridium difficile

5. MDROs

k. Interventions to prevent transmission of infection

l. Patient teaching r/t infection

IV. Pre-/Intra-/Post-Op Care

a. Classifications of Surgery

b. Surgical Risk Factors

c. Pre-/Intra-/Post-Op Nursing Assessment and Nursing Care

d. Roles during Surgery – circulating nurse, scrub nurse/tech, 1^st assist, etc.

e. Potential Post-Op Complications

f. Types of anesthesia, indications for use, and potential complications with each type.