Hospital Pharmacy_Chapter 3_clinical Pharmacy

Hospital pharmacy is defined as the practice within a hospital involving:
- Preservation
- Storage
- Compounding
- Manufacturing
- Packaging
- Controlling
- Assaying
- Dispensing
- Distribution of medications
Performed by professionally competent and legally qualified pharmacists to both hospitalized and ambulatory patients.

Provide and Evaluate Service
- Support medical care in alignment with hospital objectives and policies.
Implement Departmental Services
- Uphold philosophy, objectives, policies, and standards of the hospital.
Administrative Authority Plan
- Develop and implement departmental plans for administration.
Department Coordination
- Coordinate functions with other hospital departments.
Staff Estimation and Recommendation
- Assess department requirements and recommend qualified staff.
Maintain Records
- Develop and maintain clinical/administrative record systems and reports.
Estimate Facilities and Supplies Needs
- Identify necessary equipment, supplies, and facilities.
Adhere to Financial Plans
- Align with financial operational plans for the hospital.
Initiate Studies and Research
- Participate in research for enhancing patient care and hospital services.
Continuing Education Program
- Provide educational programs for personnel.
Safety Program Participation
- Engage in and adhere to hospital safety programs.
Student Educational Programs
- Participate in educational initiatives for students.

Knowledge of Drugs
- Comprehensive understanding of drugs and their reactions.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Program
- Ability to develop and manage pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Knowledge of Control Procedures
- Familiarity with control procedures in the pharmacy.
Conduct Research
- Ability to conduct and participate in pharmaceutical research.
Teaching and Training
- Capability to conduct teaching and in-service training programs.
Pharmacy Administration
- Skill in administering and managing pharmacy operations.

The hospital pharmacist operates within an institutional framework; understanding hospital structure and function is vital, alongside how pharmacy services align with the hospital's overall objectives.
Definition of Hospital
A viable institution providing services to patients at various locations:
- In-patient: Within the institution for hospitalized patients.
- Out-patient Clinics: Services in clinics and emergency rooms at hospitals.
- Extended Care Facilities: Services in nursing homes.

Teach Ethics
- Instill responsibility for professional practice.
Medication Availability
- Ensure right medication is accessible at reasonable costs.
Scientific Development
- Advance scientific and professional hospital pharmacy aspects, including consulting, teaching, and research.
Administrative Skill Development
- Enhance management and administrative skills required of a departmental head.
Attract Qualified Pharmacists
- Increase the number of qualified pharmacists in hospital practice.
Resource Utilization
- Leverage hospital resources for departmental and professional improvements.
Pharmacy Policy Planning
- Organize and implement policies and procedures aligning with hospital standards.
Departmental Cooperation
- Foster coordination with other hospital departments.

Responsibilities
- Development and oversight of drug utilization policies ensuring optimal clinical results and minimizing hazards.
- Assistance in formulating professional policies regarding evaluation, selection, procurement, storage, distribution, and safety of drugs.
Primary Purposes
1. Advisory Role
- Recommend adoption of professional policies regarding drug evaluation, selection, and therapeutic use.
1. Educational Role
- Design and recommend educational programs to meet healthcare staff needs concerning drugs and their usage.

Treatment and care of the sick and injured.
Education of medical and paramedical staff.
Research for improving medical knowledge related to diseases.
Public health obligations that assist communities in reducing sickness and promoting general population health.
- Examples of focus areas: T.B., diabetes, cancer, influenza, poliomyelitis.

Role of Hospital Pharmacists
- Contribute by providing health information to outpatients and training on safe drug use and poison prevention measures.

Medication Storage:
- Drugs nearing their expiry dates must be placed at the front of shelves (FIFO method).
- Organization methods include:
  A. Alphabetical Sequence: Primarily using generic names, although trade names may be used.
  B. Dosage Form: Categorizing by forms such as tablets, capsules, ointments, etc.
  C. Therapeutic Use: Grouping drugs by their specific action (e.g., analgesics, antibiotics).
- Applies to both inpatient and outpatient pharmacies.

Statistics Recording:
- Pharmacy technicians must analyze dispensed drug data and identify seasonal patterns and quantities, especially for endemic diseases (e.g., malaria).
Expiry Date Management:
- Clear notes on expiry dates must be displayed on drug shelves, as well as in refrigerated storage.
- Practice emphasizes FIFO for expiring drugs, with visual labels indicating expiry statuses (e.g., red for nearing expiry, blue for longer expiry dates).

Check Expiry Dates Regularly:
- Daily or weekly checks ensure medications are returned to stores or properly recorded before expiry.
Special Attention to Narcotics and Controlled Substances:
- Must be registered and stored securely, as their records are subject to regular checks.