Client Centered Care

Client-Centered Care

  • Puts the client at the center of care.

  • Crucial in today's healthcare environment.

  • Involves caring, client preferences, and cultural considerations.

Caring

  • Involves nurturing others to whom one feels commitment.

  • Foundational to nursing responsibilities, addressing clients holistically (physically, emotionally, spiritually).

Watson’s Theory of Human Caring

  • Suggests nurses must care for themselves first in order to effectively care for others.

  • Emphasizes presence and trust in client relationships. Practices the act of “being”

Caritas Processes (10)

  • Part of Watson's theory; processes related to demonstrating care.

  • Nurses define processes in their own words and provide examples of respect in practice.

Key Questions for Caritas Processes

  • Questions to encourage client expression:

    • Tell me about your health.

    • What is it like to be in your situation?

    • Tell me how you perceive yourself

    • What are your health priorities?

    • How do you envision your life?

    • What is the meaning of healing for you?

    • What is most important thing I can do for you right now?

    • What is the most important thing you need right now?

Swanson’s Theory of Caring

Caring as a process of five categories through which a person goes to achieve overall well being.

  • Views caring as a process of five interlinked categories:

    • Maintaining belief

    • Knowing

    • Being with

    • Doing for

    • Enabling

Therapeutic Techniques

  • Techniques that enhance client communication:

    • Active listening

    • Being present

    • Touch

    • Showing compassion

    • Sharing information

    • Promoting understanding

    • Client Preferences

Culturally Competent Care

  • Defined by ANA as evidence-based nursing aligned with client cultural values and practices.

  • Influenced by socioeconomic factors, health literacy, and personal experiences.

Completing a Cultural Assessment

  • Questions to identify client cultural beliefs:

    • Ethnic or spiritual affiliations?

    • Health-related beliefs and practices?

    • Food preferences or prohibitions?

Implicit Bias

Caring for Different Generations

  • Silent Generation (1928–1945): Prefers formal communication (face to face and written communication) values loyalty and expects it in return from others.

  • Baby Boomers (1945–1964): Comfortable with informal in-person communication, idealistic. Avoid typing and looking at computers when interacting with clients , this is considered disrespectful. This generation expects caregivers to be attentive and not interrupt them

  • Generation X (1965–1980): Prefers direct communication, questions authority and expects timely and actionable communication.

Spiritual Assessment

  • Identifies sources of spiritual strength and existential concerns:

    • Where do you find strength?

    • Do you have faith-related questions?

    • What spiritual practices hold meaning for you?

Spiritual Distress

  • Linked to life meaning questioning and can cause distressful manifestations.

  • Care approach: listen, pray, read spiritual texts, or consult pastoral care.

Pastoral Care

  • Critical role in interdisciplinary healthcare teams.

  • Essential in supporting spirituality, especially at the end of life.

Management of Care

  • Involves:

    • Time management and prioritization

    • Assignment based on patient acuity

    • Goal creation and planning

    • Delegating tasks appropriately:

      -Right task

      -Right circumstance

      -Right person

      -Right directions and communication

      -Right supervision and evaluation