Unit 2

Naturally occurring elements in the body 

Major Elements = 96%

Oxygen 65%

Carbon 18.5%

Hydrogen 9.5%

Nitrogen 3.3%

Essential Elements = 4%

Calcium 

Phosphorus 

Potassium 

Sulfur

Sodium 

Chlorine 

Magnesium 

Trace Elements = 0.01%

Copper: hair and skin 

Zinc: enzyme function 

Iodine: salt good for thyroid 

Iron: needed in transport O2 in blood 

Cofactor: Allows enzymes to function

Poly unsaturated: plant fat with many double bonds 

Monounsaturated: plant fat with one double bond 

Dietary Fiber: need 6 g to feel full 

Protein-rich: 5g-6g 

BHT: to pressure food and persevere food. It gives things shelf life 

Things to check on the nutrition label

Serving Size 

Calories 

Trans fat; toxic & manmade

Radioisotope: an isotope of an element that has an unstable nuclei

Radioactive decay: the process by which an unstable nucleus rearranges itself 

Electronegativity: Tendency of an atom to attract electrons

Partial charges: do not let electricity to pass through 

Ionic bonds: Transfer of electrons between two unstable atoms 

pH effect on the environment:

Acid Rain 

Coral reef

Carbon 

Element of life 

Bonds:  

Does not want to have charge; it only wants covalent bonds.

The double bond allows for fixed position

The single bond allows for rotation 

Hydrocarbon properties:

Length 

Double bonds

Branching 

Rings 

Methane: CH4

Ethane: C2H6

Ethene: C2H4

Most common Functional Groups attached to carbon

Methyl: R-CH3