ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

Cosmology

→ The branch of astronomy involving the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future.

Cosmic Eye

→ A state of art view of the universe

Big Bang Theory - Perfect Cosmological Principle

→ All current and past matter in the ==universe came into existence at the same time about 13.8B yrs==

→ It is the idea that the %%universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is now%% — and still stretching

→ ==All matter and energy in the universe are crammed in a tiny compact called a singularity==. From this singularity, expansion or explosion took place, sending space, time, matter and energy in all directions.

Interesting facts about big bang theory

1. Our universe is just a small part. Scientist believe that there are many other universes that exist
2. We live in a multiverse. This idea came from the Big Bang, which might not have given rise to bubble like structures which expanded in their own time.
3. Astronomer Edwin Hubble, in 1920’s discovered that %%the universe is not static. it is expanding and contracting continuously.%%
4. There is a dark energy that is making the universe expand and accelerate at a larger rate than it did many years ago.
5. There are many galaxies apart from our milky way that are moving further and further away
6. According to the scientists, @@the planets, stars and galaxies include only 4% of what the universe consist of@@. The remaining 96% is still unknown or cannot be seen.
7. ==The universe is infinite. It has no end==. Thus scientists believe that the universe is not a closed sphere but a sheet of paper that has no boundaries.

Georges Lemaitre

→ Father of the Big Bang

→ a Belgian Catholic Priest, astronomer and professor of physics. He proposed the theory of the expansion of the universe.

George Gamon

→ Advocate and developer of Lemaitre’s Big Bang Theory.

Albert Einstein’s Theory of relativity

→ Albert Einstein unveils his theory of general relativity in which he proposes that mass warps both time and space, therefore large masses can bend light.

Alexander Friedmann

→ Discovered the expanding-universe solution to the general relativity field equations. He basically solved Einstein’s theory allowing us to further our discoveries on the universe and The Big Bang.

Hubble’s and Hooker’s Telescope

→ ^^Measured distance and velocities of galaxies.^^ ==This telescope was the first major telescope to observe space in great detail==. This was key to the development of The Big Bang.

Hubble’s Law

→ Describes how the galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds proportional to their distance. It’s like the planets are accelerating out away from us. This was key to developing the big bang theory. This observation supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted and started somewhere.

Steady State Theory

→ Is a view that ==the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant average density==, with matter being continuously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same rate that old ones become unobservable as consequence of their distance and velocity of recession.

→ The universe doesn’t change in it’s appearance and is homogeneous. %%The universe has neither any beginning nor end%%. ==Universe was and will always be the same through the whole time==.

→ Assumed ==the universe has always been and will always be the same==. The idea was ^^based on the cosmological principle that the universe is uniform in space and has unchanging time^^.

Similarities and Differences of Big Bang and Steady State Theory

Pulsating Theory

→ This states that the Universe is infinite in extent, infinitely old and taken as a whole, It is the same in all directions and at all times in the future. In other words, the Universe doesn’t evolve or change over time.