EDUC-IN-PHIL
Page 1: Education in the Philippines
Page 2: Education System
Page 3: 01 Pre-Colonial Time
Majority of children received vocational training under parents, tribal tutors, or specialized community roles (e.g., babaylan).
Oral tradition was key for passing down knowledge (tales, poetry, dances, healing).
Various syllabaries existed; notably, baybayin was a common writing system.
Page 4: Spanish Period
Early Spanish colonization led to Church control over education.
Education provided mainly by Spanish friars and missionaries, intertwined with the conversion to Catholicism.
Page 5: 03 First Republic
Established after Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War; First Philippine Republic formed.
Schools reopened on August 29, 1898, following a temporary closure.
Notable institutions: Instituto Burgos, Academia Militar, Universidad de Literaria de Filipinas.
The Malolos Constitution mandated free public education, hindered by the Philippine-American War.
Emergence of Colegio Filipino (now National University) and Rosa Sevilla Memorial School (originally Instituto de Mujeres in 1900).
Page 6: 04 American Period
Education divided into three levels:
Elementary Level: 4 primary years + 3 intermediate years.
Secondary Level: 4 years of high school.
College Level: Tertiary education.
Page 7: 05 Japanese Period and Second Republic
Post-1947, Department of Education established under President Manuel Roxas.
Philippine Community School program focused on rebuilding post-war education.
Elementary education was reduced to 6 years; parallel education structure in Mindanao (Islamic schools).
Under President Marcos, it became the Department of Education and Culture.
Page 8: Functions and Changes in Education
Education Act of 1982 integrated all forms of education, aiming to upgrade standards.
1987 Constitution made elementary education compulsory.
Free Public Secondary Education Act mandated free secondary education starting in 1988.
Page 9: Contemporary Period
Early 21st century updates:
Republic Act 9155 renamed the Department of Instruction to the Department of Education (DepEd).
USAID memorandum in 2009 secured $86 million for educational improvements.
2010 introduced the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum, later phased out for K-12 (2012), extending basic education from 10 to 12 years.
Page 10: Enhanced Basic Education Act
Republic Act No. 10533 (2013) formalized K-12 education.
Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act (2017) mandated free tertiary education in state colleges.
Alternative Learning System (ALS) was institutionalized in January 2021.
DepEd launched the "Matatag curriculum" in August 2023 focused on reducing learning areas, enhancing Filipino identity.
Page 11: Functions of Education in Society
Training in specific skills and basic literacy.
Preparing individuals for occupational roles.
Preserving culture across generations.
Encouraging democratic participation (verbal skills).
Developing independent and rational thinking.
Enriching life through intellectual and aesthetic education.
Enhancing personal adjustment via counselling and courses (applied psychology, etc.).
Promoting health through physical education and hygiene courses.
Fostering patriotism.
Character building.
Page 12: Related Constitutional Provisions
Partnerships between education and the state for quality education.
State’s responsibility to ensure accessibility and relevance of education.
Free education systems established at elementary and high school levels; compulsory education legislation.
Scholarship grants and support systems for underprivileged students.
Encouragement of non-formal education and community-responsive programs.
Training initiatives for adults, disabled citizens, and out-of-school youth.
Page 13: Formal Education
Systematic, deliberate, and hierarchical learning process corresponding to elementary and secondary schooling.
Certification at the end of each education level is necessary for advancement.
Page 14: Elementary Education
Paaralang Elementarya: first part of education, compulsory for grades 1-6.
Major subjects: Mathematics, Science, English, Filipino, Social Sciences.
Optional subjects: Music, Arts, PE, Health.
Private schools may offer religious instruction.
Page 15: Secondary Education
Focuses on continuing basic education and employable skills.
Typically includes 4 years of junior high and 2 years of senior high school.
Page 16: Science High Schools
Specialize in critical thinking and problem-solving.
Example: Philippine Science High School System (PSHS).
Standards exceed regular high schools and offer specialized subjects.
Graduates receive a diploma and completion certificate from the K-12 system.
Page 17: Tertiary Education
Regulated by the Commission on Higher Education.
Colleges offer specialized programs; universities must have multiple undergraduate degrees.
Public universities receive funding, with the University of the Philippines being the largest.
Page 18: Vocational Education
Accredited institutions offer short to two-year programs in technical and vocational education.
Completion leads to diplomas/certificates, often without entrance exams.
Page 19: Non-Formal Education
Organized educational activities outside the formal system for specific learning segments.
Aimed at alternative learning opportunities for out-of-school youth and adults (15+).
Focus on literacy and eradicating illiteracy.
Page 20: Special Education
For individuals with different needs requiring modified education practices.
Aims to maximize potential for a fulfilling life, providing tailored programs.
Page 21: Alternative Learning System (ALS)
Addresses educational needs for individuals unable to access formal education.
Modular programs for school dropouts, flexible scheduling, diagnostic assessments.
Certification upon passing assessments; opportunities for re-enrollment in formal education.