MODULE 10- STS REVIEWER

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) - Preamble

  • Foundation of Freedom, Justice, and Peace

    • Importance of recognizing dignity and rights of all individuals.

  • Consequences of Disregard for Human Rights

    • Historical context of barbarous acts due to oppression and tyranny.

  • Role of Law in Protecting Human Rights

    • Essential to prevent rebellion as a response to oppression.

  • Promotion of Fundamental Human Rights

    • The UN’s commitment to dignity, social progress, and equality.

  • Role of Member States

    • Pledged cooperation with UN for global respect and observance of rights.

  • Teaching and Education

    • Striving for recognition and observance of rights through education and progressive measures.

Technological Advancements

  • Types of Technologies

  • Television

    • Origin of television technology from early experiments.

    • Key Inventions:

    • Paul Gottlieb Nipkow - Electric Telescope: 18 lines of resolution.

    • Campbell-Swinton & Rosing - Types: mechanical and electronic TV.

  • Mobile Phones

    • First Mobile Call: April 3, 1973, by Martin Cooper (Motorola).

    • First Commercial Mobile Phone: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X released in 1983.

  • Computers

    • Charles Babbage - Designed Analytical Engine; a foundational computer model.

    • Evolution:

    • From large machinery to portable computers:

      • First portable computer: Osborne 1 in April 1981.

      • Continued evolution to various modern laptops.

Roles of Technological Advancements

  • Television:

    • Primary uses for advertisements, information dissemination, advocacy.

  • Mobile Phones:

    • Used for communication, internet browsing, and photography.

    • Additional functionalities: music player, calendar, radio, photo editor.

  • Personal Computers:

    • Facilitates web surfing and communication, user-friendly through mouse/touchpad.

Ethical Dilemmas with Technological Advancements

  • Impact on Social Interaction:

    • Psychological effects: increased reclusion; children’s vulnerability to technology.

  • Robotics:

    • Defined as programmable mechanisms with autonomy for task performance.

    • Types of Robots:

    • Service Robots: Perform useful tasks.

    • Personal Service Robots: Used for non-commercial tasks.

    • Professional Service Robots: Used for commercial tasks by trained operators.

  • Ethical Dilemmas in Robotics:

    • Safety Concerns: Accountability for robot-induced harm.

    • Emotional Component: Ethical considerations if robots become sentient - rights and protections owed to them.