Chem conversions formulas
hTemperature Conversions:
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To convert from Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C): °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8
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To convert from Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F): °F = 1.8(°C) + 32
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To convert from Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K): K = °C + 273.15
Heat Capacity:
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Heat (q) = mass (m) x specific heat capacity (C) x temperature change (ΔT), where ΔT = Tf - Ti
Density:
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Density (d) = mass (m) / volume (V)
Unit Conversions:
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1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)
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1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches (in)
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1 meter (m) = 1.094 yards (yd)
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1 kilometer (km) = 0.6214 miles (mi)
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1 foot (ft) = 30.48 cm = 12 in
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1 yard (yd) = 36 in
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1 pound (lb) = 0.454 kilograms (kg)
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1 kilogram (kg) = 2.205 lb
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1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 grams (g)
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1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm³)
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1 liter (L) = 1.057 quarts (qt)
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1 U.S. gallon (gal) = 3.785 liters (L)
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1 m³ = 1 kiloliter (kL)
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1 cm³ = 1 mL
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1 mile = 5280 ft
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4 cups = 1 qt
Other Conversions and Relationships:
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1 Calorie (Cal) = 1000 calories (cal)
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1 calorie (cal) = 4.184 joules (J)
SI Prefixes:
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kilo (k) = 10³
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deci (d) = 10⁻¹
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centi (c) = 10⁻²
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milli (m) = 10⁻³
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micro (µ) = 10⁻⁶
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nano (n) = 10⁻⁹
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pico (p) = 10⁻¹²
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femto (f) = 10⁻¹⁵
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tera (T) = 10¹²
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giga (G) = 10⁹
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mega (M) = 10⁶
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hecto (h) = 10²
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deca (d) = 10¹
Scientific Notation:
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A number in scientific notation has two parts: a decimal part (between 1 and 10) and an exponential part (10 raised to an integer power).
Additional points:
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When converting units raised to a power, the conversion factor must also be raised to that power.
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The density of a substance can be used as a conversion factor between its mass and volume.
Important Laws and Concepts:
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Law of Conservation of Mass: Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
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Law of Conservation of Energy: The total amount of energy remains the same.
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Atomic Number (Z): The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom