Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics- movement of the plates over Earth’s surface.
Theory of Plate tectonics- is the theory that can explain the tectonic and geologic processes that occur on Earth.
Convection Current- causes the plates to move
The German geophysicist Alfred Wegener found that our continents could fit to each other like a jigsaw puzzle.
Earth’s Crust and the uppermost part of the mantle is the Lithosphere
The tectonics float above the hotter portion of the mantle called the Asthenosphere. It is an area where two plates meet is called Plate Boundary.
2 Types of Earth's Layer
Mechanical Layer
- Lithosphere
- Asthenosphere
- Mesosphere
- Outer Core
- Inner Core
Compositional Layer
- Crust
- Mantle
- Core
Subduction- an event which the sub of rock thrusts into the mantle.
Trench- a depression in the seafloor produced by subduction process.
Convergent Boundary- is where the two plates moves towards each other
Divergent Boundary- is where the two plates move apart
Transform- the two plates slip past each other
OCEANIC TO OCEANIC - When the two plates converge the denser plate is pushed under the lighter one. An Island Arc is formed as a result of oceanic-oceanic
OCEANIC TO CONTINENTAL- The denser oceanic plate will go under the continental plate. A volcanic arc is formed as a result of oceanic-continental
CONTINENTAL TO CONTINENTAL- When the two continental plates collide, they have a tendency to rise and collide with each other because of their low density. A mountain range is formed through continental-continental, the best example of it is the Mount Himalayas in South Asia
Volcano can form in convergent boundary when the two plates collide the denser plate sinks, or subducts into the mantle and in Divergent Boundary the two plates spread apart
PHIVOLCS -Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Active Volcanoes- that have a history of eruption
Inactive Volcanoes- those who have none, also have a signs of physical change due to weathering and erosion.
Potentially Active Volcanoes- are young looking and have no record.
Fault- is a fracture or a crack found in the crust, example of it is the San Andreas Fault in California USA
The 3 types of Fault
Normal Faults- have hanging walls that move down relative to the footwall
Hanging Wall- is the block immediately above the fault surface
Footwall- lies below the fault surface
Reverse Fault- or also called Thrusts Fault it occurs when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall
Strike Slip Fault- are those where the dominant displacement occurs along the strike of the fault.