Notes on Respiratory Disorders and Interventions

Overview of Respiratory Disorders

  • Various equipment and interventions can help manage respiratory diseases, often requiring investigation through imaging (X-rays, CT scans) or procedures (bronchoscopy).

Important Assessments

  • Vital Signs: Key indicators include SpO2 and respiratory rate.

  • Assessment Techniques:

    • Chest Assessment: Auscultation of the lungs is crucial for identifying abnormalities.

    • Imaging: Chest x-rays and CT scans provide visual insights into lung conditions.

Common Respiratory Medications

  • Bronchodilators: Relax airway muscles to improve airflow (e.g., Albuterol).

  • Mucus Production Decrement Drugs: Reduce mucus viscosity.

  • Anti-inflammatories: Control inflammation in airways (e.g., corticosteroids).

  • Oxygen: Considered a medication, should be prescribed and monitored by healthcare professionals.

Oxygen Equipment and Administration

  • Regularly check:

    • Oxygen connections for leaks and adequate stock.

    • Suction equipment functionality.

  • Oxygen Sources:

    • Regulators must be securely attached to prevent gas leaks.

    • Flow meters monitor oxygen delivery; remember to adjust to correct settings to avoid wastage.

Oxygen Delivery Methods

  • Nasal Cannula: Can deliver up to 6 L/min; however, effectiveness decreases above 4 L/min due to anatomy constraints.

  • Face Masks: Short-term use for emergencies.

    • Risks: uncomfortable, can become contaminated with vomitus or fluid.

  • Reservoir Bags: Ensure bags are filled to provide sufficient oxygen.

  • Nebulisers: Convert liquid medication to mist for inhalation, typically used for 5-10 minutes.

Suctioning Techniques

  • Indications for Suctioning:

    • Managing vomitus, blood, and excessive secretions.

    • Ensure oxygen levels are maintained, pre-suctioning may be required.

  • Suction Catheters: Used only once to prevent infection; reusable Yankersucker available for specific cases.

  • Assessment: Evaluate sputum for color, consistency, and volume; properly document findings.

Tracheostomy Management

  • Tracheostomy Tubes: Surgical airway access; different types available for varying patient needs.

    • Regular cleaning and monitoring of tube patency are essential.

  • Communication Barriers: Fenestrated tubes allow for some speech; alternative methods may be necessary.

  • Emergency Kits: Should be available at bedside for emergencies involving tracheostomy tube displacement.

CPAP and Non-invasive Ventilation

  • CPAP: Stabilizes lung pressure aiding gas exchange, used for various chronic conditions.

    • Issues: can feel claustrophobic, dry mouth, nasal congestion; humidification can help.

  • BiPAP: Offers two levels of airway pressure to assist breathing.

    • Adjusts pressures based on the patient's breathing patterns.

  • PEEP: Similar to CPAP but prevents complete exhalation, maintaining some lung inflation.