PERSPECTIVE

Yes. I checked the uploaded files and made this as an exam-focused reviewer, keeping the

terminology and details from your materials. Since there are several files, I organized them by

topic so you can study without getting overwhelmed.

PHARM 11 — PERSPECTIVES IN

PHARMACY

EXAM REVIEWER

I. CHAPTER 1 — SCOPE OF PHARMACY

A. What is Pharmacy?

According to the file, pharmacy is:

• The art, practice, or profession of preparing, preserving, compounding, and

dispensing medical drugs

• A place where medicines are compounded or dispensed

• A drugstore

Pharmacy is also a health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical science

and is concerned with the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.

Perspectives Chapter 1.pdf

Scope of pharmacy practice involves:

• Interpreting prescription orders

• Compounding

• Labeling

• Dispensing drugs and devices

• Drug product selection

• Drug utilization reviews

• Patient monitoring and intervention

• Services related to the use of medications and devices

Important evolution:

Traditional dispensing → Clinical pharmacy → Pharmaceutical care → Medication

therapy managementII. WHAT ARE DRUGS?

Under the Philippine Pharmacy Act (RA 10918), drugs include:

1. Articles recognized in official pharmacopoeias/formularies

2. Articles intended for:

o Diagnosis

o Cure

o Mitigation

o Treatment

o Prevention of disease

3. Articles, other than food, intended to affect the structure or function of humans or

animals

4. 5. Articles intended as components of the above

Herbal or traditional drugs as defined under RA 9502

Perspectives Chapter 1.pdf

Herbal/traditional drugs

According to RA 9502, these are plant or animal-origin products that are:

• Recognized in the Philippine National Drug Formulary

• Intended for treatment/cure/mitigation of disease symptoms, injury, or body defects

• Other than food and intended to affect body structure/function

• In finished or ready-to-use dosage form

• Intended as a component of specified articles

III. WHO IS CONSIDERED TO BE

PRACTICING PHARMACY?

A person is considered to be practicing pharmacy when they:

• Prepare, compound, manufacture, preserve, store, distribute, procure, sell, or dispense

pharmaceutical products/raw materials

• Render services such as:

o Clinical pharmacy services

o Drug information services

o Regulatory serviceso Pharmaceutical marketing

o Medication management

• Teach scientific, technical, or professional pharmacy courses

• Dispense pharmaceutical products where pharmacist supervision is required

• Provide other services requiring pharmaceutical knowledge

Perspectives Chapter 1.pdf

EXAM TIP

If the situation involves pharmaceutical knowledge, medicines, dispensing, drug

information, or medication management, think about the scope of pharmacy practice.

IV. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES / MAJOR

AREAS OF PHARMACY PRACTICE

The Philippine Practice Standards for Pharmacists identified five major areas:

1. Academic Pharmacy

Pharmacists:

• Teach pharmacy courses

• Educate future pharmacists

• Conduct scientific research

• Develop innovations and technology

• Participate in community extension programs

2. Regulatory Pharmacy

Pharmacists:

• Work with regulatory authorities

• Advise manufacturers about regulations

• Plan/oversee product trials

• Conduct regulatory inspections

• Obtain marketing permission

• Ensure quality standards

3. Manufacturing Pharmacy

Pharmacists may work in:• Research and development

• Production

• Quality control

• Marketing

• Administration

They may:

• Optimize formulations

• Supervise manufacturing

• Plan production

• Inventory manufactured products

• Check raw/intermediate/finished products

• Review procedures

• Audit compliance with cGMP

4. Community, Hospital, and Institutional Pharmacy

Community Pharmacy

• Commonly known as a drugstore

• Dispenses prescriptions

• Compounds

• Counsels patients

• Provides drug information

• Answers questions about OTC drugs and medical supplies

Hospital Pharmacy

• Provides medicines and medical supplies to hospital units

• Works with doctors, nurses, patients, and hospital personnel

• Compounds medication orders

• Prepares stock medications

• Provides drug information

• Participates in hospital committees

Institutional Pharmacy

• Pharmacy located in institutions/organizations/corporations

• Services are primarily for employees and qualified dependents

5. Public Health Pharmacy

Involves:

• Policy development• Professional regulation

• Medicines-based interventions

• Vaccination programs

• Emergency preparedness

• Disease management

Clinical Pharmacy

• Optimizes medication therapy

• Promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention

• Works closely with doctors and nurses

• Monitors drug therapy

• Advises patients about:

o Drug use

o Side effects

o Drug interactions

Perspectives Chapter 1.pdf

V. CHAPTER 2 — EVOLUTION OF

PHARMACY

A. Primitive Beginning

Pharmacy had its crude beginning in the instinctive defense against disease by primitive

people.

People initially used:

• Plants

• Animals

• Minerals

• Natural substances

They also used prayers and believed diseases could come from evil forces.

Ancient people learned through:

• Instinct

• Observation

• Trial and errorPerspectives Chapter 2.pdf

VI. ANTIQUITY

Ancient Babylonia

• Earliest known record of apothecary

• Located in ancient Mesopotamia

• Healing practitioners included:

o Wise men

o Pharmacists

o Physicians

• Symptoms, prescriptions, compounding directions, and invocations were recorded on

clay tablets.

Ancient China

Shen Nung

• Emperor

• Pharmacy originated around early 2000 B.C.

• Experimented with medicinal herbs

• Records of 365 native herbal plants

• Written in “Pen Tsao”

Examples:

• Podophyllum

• Rhubarb

• Ginseng

• Stramonium

• Cinnamon bark

• Ma huang/Ephedra

Ancient Egypt

Papyrus Ebers

• Around 1500 B.C.

• Important pharmaceutical record

• Collection of 800 prescriptions

• Contains about 700 drugs/formulas• Included:

o Gargles

o Suppositories

o Inhalations

o Poultices

o Lotions

o Ointments

Terra Sigillata

• “Sealed Earth”

• Clay tablet

• Originated from Lemnos

• Before 500 B.C.

• One of the earliest therapeutic agents with a trademark

• Had an official seal

• Formed into pastilles

• Commercially distributed

Perspectives Chapter 2.pdf

VII. IMPORTANT FIGURES IN

ANTIQUITY

Theophrastus

• Father of Botany

• Greek philosopher and natural scientist

• Known for observations/writings on plants

• Wrote History of Plants

Mithridates VI

• King of Pontus

• Practiced poisoning and prevention/counteraction of poisoning

• Used himself and prisoners as “guinea pigs”

• Developed Mithridatum

• Known as the Royal Toxicologist

Perspectives Chapter 2.pdfVIII. MIDDLE AGES

Major development:

Separation of pharmacy and medicine

Public pharmacies were opened and legalized during the 1240 A.D. period in Sicily and

Southern Italy.

Important figures

Personality Contribution

Pedanius

Dioscorides

Materia Medica — observations/rules on collection, storage, and use

of drugs

Claudius Galen Galenicals; medicinal preparations based on Galen’s formula;

developed cold cream

Saints Cosmas

and Damian Patron Saints of Medicine and Pharmacy

Arabs Occupational ancestors of pharmacists; established more

sophisticated medicine preparation in Baghdad

Ibn Sina /

Avicenna Persian Galen; pharmacist, physician, philosopher, poet, diplomat

Perspectives Chapter 2.pdf

EASY MEMORY:

D-G-C-A-I

• Dioscorides → Materia Medica

• Galen → Galenicals / cold cream

• Cosmas & Damian → Patron Saints

• Arabs → sophisticated medicine preparation

• Ibn Sina → Persian Galen

IX. MODERN AGE / MODERN EUROPEParacelsus

• Real name: Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim

• Revolutionized pharmacy

• Introduced medicinally active quintessences from natural resources

• Led to discoveries in drug therapy

Europe

West European pharmacy matured during the 17th century through:

• Standardization of formulas

• Adoption of official pharmacopoeias

Italy

Considered the cradle of European professional pharmacy.

Italy contributed:

• First professional European apothecary

• First post-Antiquity antidote

• First pharmacopoeia

• First botanical garden

Perspectives Chapter 2.pdf

X. IMPORTANT MODERN AGE

PERSONALITIES

Personality Contribution

Francis Bacon Society of Apothecaries of London

Christopher Marshall Apothecary shop in Philadelphia; pharmaceutical enterprise;

practical training school

Jonathan Roberts Pharmacist in first hospital pharmacy in America

John Morgan Advocated prescription writingPersonality Contribution

Carl Wilhelm Scheele Isolated oxygen; discovered chlorine and lactic acid

Andrew Craigie America’s First Apothecary General;

wholesaling/manufacturing drugs

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam

Sertürner Isolated morphine

Joseph Pelletier & Joseph

Caventou Isolated alkaloids such as quinine

Perspectives Chapter 2.pdf

XI. PHARMACY IN THE USA

Important points:

• Early 18th century: medicine and pharmacy were not clearly separated.

• Apothecary shops were often managed by physicians.

• Revolutionary War became a turning point.

• American druggists learned to formulate crude drugs because of low supply from Britain.

• 1820 — USP approved as a book of drug standards.

Important Americans

Personality Contribution

The Shakers Cultivated and supplied medicinal herbs

Daniel B. Smith First President of American Pharmaceutical

Association

William Procter Jr. Father of American Pharmacy

Stanislas Lemoine Medicine dropper; oxygen apparatus; glass ampules

Emil von Behring & Émile Roux Independently developed diphtheria antitoxin

Ernest François Auguste

Fourneau Chemical compounds against specific pathogensPerspectives Chapter 2.pdf

XII. PHARMACY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Before Spanish colonization:

• Sacrificial offerings

• Incantations

• Plants

• Animal entrails

Three groups recognized by Spaniards:

1. Mediquillos – diminutive for médicos

2. Curanderos – curers

3. Herbolarios – curers using herbs

Facultativos

In 1843, native medical practice was recognized and allowed by Governor Francisco Alcala de la

Torre, but it was limited to Filipino natives.

Botiqines

Unqualified persons were allowed to:

• Open botiqines

• Dispense simple medicines

But they could not compound prescriptions.

XIII. IMPORTANT PHILIPPINE

PHARMACY DATES

1871

University of Santo Tomas (UST) offered:

• B.S. Pharmacy• Licentiate in Pharmacy

First Filipino pharmacy student

Don Leon Ma. Guerrero

He became known as:

• Dispensing pharmacist

• Botanist

• Educator

• Leader

• Father of Philippine Pharmacy

1879

UST opened Escuela de Practicantes de Medicina y Farmacia to address the shortage of

pharmacists.

1879

The Governor-General was given the right to admit foreign pharmacy graduates under certain

requirements.

1577

Two hospitals were built:

• Hospital de San Juan de Dios

• Hospital de San Lazaro

Missionaries also studied local medicinal plants.

Perspectives Chapter 2.pdf

XIV. SEVEN-STAR PHARMACIST

The Seven-Star Pharmacist Concept was introduced by the WHO in March 2014.

5- Seven Star Pharmacist.pdf

7 ROLES1. CAREGIVER

• Provides caring services of the highest quality

• Practice is integrated and continuous with:

o Healthcare system

o Other health professionals

2. DECISION-MAKER

Makes accurate decisions regarding:

• Appropriate

• Efficacious

• Safe

• Cost-effective use of resources

Resources include:

• Personnel

• Medicines

• Equipment

• Procedures

• Practices

Also:

• Helps set medicine policies

• Evaluates and synthesizes data/information

• Decides appropriate course of action

3. COMMUNICATOR

• Link between physician and patient

• Link to other healthcare professionals

• Must know pharmaceutical updates

• Needs effective communication skills

• Builds rapport and trust

4. MANAGER

Manages:

• Manpower

• Physical resources

• Financial resources

• Drug label information• Pharmaceutical quality

Also develops:

• Policies

• Procedures

• Goals

• Objectives

• QA programs

• Safety standards

• Environmental/infection-control standards

5. LIFE-LONG LEARNER

• Learning starts in school

• Continues throughout career

• Regularly updates knowledge and skills

• Keeps up with current drug therapy management

• Pharmacists should learn how to learn

CPD

Continuing Professional Development

It involves ongoing learning/development activities to:

• Maintain professional skills

• Improve knowledge

• Stay current and competent

6. LEADER

• Leadership role in healthcare

• Creates a vision

• Motivates others

• Encourages constructive differences

• Mission-driven without being egocentric

• Should be compassionate and empathetic

7. TEACHER

• Educates future pharmacists

• Educates the general public

• Helps professionals gain new knowledge

• Helps fine-tune existing skillsXV. QUALITIES OF A “7-STAR LEADER”

Memorize these:

1. Effective role model

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Influential and able to influence others

Able to articulate “one voice”

Has a vision for the future

Able to stimulate new thinking

Able to synergize team thinking and teamwork

7. Effective politician

5- Seven Star Pharmacist.pdf

XVI. USP–NF

USP-NF =

United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary

It is a combination of:

• USP — United States Pharmacopeia

• NF — National Formulary

Contains standards for:

• Medicines

• Dosage forms

• Drug substances

• Excipients

• Biologics

• Compounded preparations

• Medical devices

• Dietary supplements

• Other therapeutics

Purpose:

• Provides a benchmark for evaluating medicine quality• Provides analytical procedures

• Provides acceptance criteria

• Helps reduce risk

• Improves regulatory predictability

Quality standards include:

• Medicines

• APIs = Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

• Excipients = inactive ingredients

5- Seven Star Pharmacist.pdf

XVII. NEW SCOPE OF PHARMACY

PRACTICE

Pharmacists have moved:

From: Compounder and dispenser

To: Drug Therapy Manager

New scope includes:

• Patient-centered care

• Drug information

• Drug therapy monitoring

• Medicine supply management

Pharmacists are expected to keep pace with developments in medicine and pharmacy.

5- Seven Star Pharmacist.pdf

XVIII. SCOPE OF PRACTICE &

ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care by:

• Taking responsibility for patient’s medication needs• Evaluating medications for:

o Appropriateness

o Safety

o Effectiveness

• Dispensing prescribed medicines

• Educating patients about:

o Proper use

o Dosage

o Storage

o Possible side effects

• Monitoring adherence

• Conducting follow-up

3-Scope of Practice and Essential Functions of Pharmacist.pdf

Other scope:

• Compound, prepare, dispense medicines

• Purchase/acquire/import/release/store medicines

• Conduct pharmaceutical R&D

• Promote public health

XIX. PROFESSIONAL FUNCTIONS

Pharmacists:

• Participate in drug therapy decisions

• Select appropriate dosage form

• Choose reliable medicine sources

• Determine correct dose and dosing schedule

• Prepare medicines

• Dispense medicines

• Provide drug information

3-Scope of Practice and Essential Functions of Pharmacist.pdf

Important:

Professional = requires professional judgment/knowledge.XX. TECHNICAL FUNCTIONS

Examples:

Before dispensing

• Repack medicines

• Properly label medication containers

Supporting dispensing

• Stock medicines

• Clean and organize dispensing area

• Maintain clean/orderly workspace

Under direct pharmacist supervision

• Count and prepare pre-packaged medicines

• Reconstitute powdered medications

• Prepare/attach medication labels accurately

3-Scope of Practice and Essential Functions of Pharmacist.pdf

EASY DIFFERENCE

Professional

→ clinical judgment, drug therapy, counseling, patient care

Technical

→ practical/support tasks related to dispensing

XXI. ADMINISTRATIVE, SUPERVISORY

& MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS

Pharmacists may:

• Establish/manage a pharmacy or drugstore

• Apply professional knowledge + business management skills

• Make decisions involving:

o Finances

o Marketingo Staffing

o Daily operations

• Balance professional ethics with business goals

• Manage conflicts between quality healthcare and profitability

3-Scope of Practice and Essential Functions of Pharmacist.pdf

XXII. FUNCTIONS OF OTHER

PHARMACISTS

Some pharmacists do not provide direct patient care but contribute through other roles.

Examples:

1. Research and Development

2. Production

3. Quality Control

4. Sales and Marketing

5. Teaching and Academic Research

6. Legal and Regulatory Affairs

7. Public Health

8. Professional Associations

9. Pharmaceutical Journalism

XXIII. EXCLUSIVE FUNCTIONS — RA

10918

Exclusive = functions that are for licensed pharmacists.

Memorize:

1. Preparation, compounding, manufacturing, preservation, storage, distribution,

procurement, sale, or dispensing of pharmaceutical products and raw materials

2. Rendering pharmacy professional services

3. 4. 5. Teaching scientific, technical, or professional pharmacy courses

Dispensing pharmaceutical products where pharmacist supervision is required

Providing services where pharmaceutical knowledge is required6-Exclusive and Non-exclusive Functions per Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016.pdf

Professional services include:

• Clinical pharmacy

• Drug information

• Regulatory services

• Pharmaceutical marketing

• Medication management

XXIV. NON-EXCLUSIVE FUNCTIONS

These may also be performed by other qualified individuals.

1. Chemical, biological, or microbiological analyses and assays of:

• Pharmaceutical products

• Food/dietary supplements

• Health supplements

• Cosmetics

2. Physico-chemical analyses

For medical devices used in administering pharmaceutical products.

3. Administration of adult vaccines

• FDA-approved vaccines

• Person must meet required training/certification

4. Scientific research

• Pharmaceutical products

• Healthcare

6-Exclusive and Non-exclusive Functions per Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016.pdf

EXAM TRICK:

If the question says “exclusive to licensed pharmacists” → think RA 10918 exclusive

functions.If it says “may be performed by other qualified individuals” → think non-exclusive.

XXV. CURRENT & EMERGING FIELDS

IN PHARMACY

Important fields and what they do

Field Main Function

Academic Teach, research, educational programs

Ambulatory/Outpatient Medication management outside hospital

Cardiology Medication management for heart/blood vessel diseases

Community Dispensing, counseling, basic healthcare

Clinical Safe/effective/appropriate medication use

Community Health Care Services and counseling to underserved communities

Compounding Customized medications

Consultant Reviews therapy and recommends adjustments

Critical Care Medication management for critically ill patients

Emergency Medication use during emergencies

Geriatric Medication management for older adults

Hospital Prepare, dispense, monitor medicines

Industrial Develop, manufacture, test, regulate products

Infectious Disease Antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance

Pharmacy Informatics Health information systems/technology

Pharmaceutical Journalism Communicate medicine/pharmacy information

Long-Term Care Medication therapy in nursing homes/care facilitiesField Main Function

Medical Sales Promote/provide product information

Military Pharmaceutical care for military personnel

Nuclear Radioactive medications for imaging/treatment

Nutrition Support Specialized nutrition therapy

Oncology Chemotherapy and cancer medication management

Operating Room Medication orders/controlled substances during surgery

Pediatric Medication use in children

Psychiatric Medication therapy for mental health

Regulatory Laws/regulations/clinical trials

R&D Discover/develop/improve drugs

Transplant Medication regimens around organ transplantation

Veterinary Medicines for animals

XXVI. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

Drugstore

Drugstore Owner

• Owns/manages pharmacy business

Supervising Pharmacist

• Oversees operations

• Ensures compliance with laws/standards

Chain Drugstore

Chain Drugstore Owner• Manages multiple branches

Staff Pharmacist

• Dispenses

• Counsels

• Provides pharmaceutical care

Branch Pharmacist

• Supervises a specific branch

Supervisor

• Oversees several pharmacy branches

Manager

• Manages staff, operations, inventory, business performance

XXVII. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

Hospital Pharmacist

Provides pharmaceutical care in government hospitals.

Chief Pharmacist

Leads and supervises hospital pharmacy.

FDA Officer

Evaluates and regulates:

• Medicines

• Medical devices

• Health products

PDEA Pharmacist

Assists in regulating/monitoring:• Controlled drugs

• Dangerous drugs

DOH Pharmacist

Supports:

• Public health programs

• Pharmaceutical services

NBI Drug Analyst

Conducts laboratory analysis of drugs for:

• Forensic investigations

• Legal investigations

AFP Military Pharmacist

Provides pharmaceutical services to:

• Military personnel

• Families

4-Current and Emerging Fields in Pharmacy.pdf

XXVIII. IMMUNIZING PHARMACIST

Legal basis

RA 10918 — Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016

The material describes pharmacists as medication experts responsible for safe, effective, and

rational use of medicines and pharmaceutical products, including vaccines.

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXIX. DOH & IMMUNIZATIONDOH oversees:

• National Immunization Program (NIP)

• Adult immunization initiatives

• COVID-19 vaccination programs

• Vaccine procurement/distribution

• Cold chain management

Pharmacists may participate depending on workplace and applicable policies.

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXX. ROLES OF IMMUNIZING

PHARMACIST

1. PUBLIC HEALTH ADVOCATE

Promotes immunization through:

• Encouraging vaccine acceptance

• Correcting misinformation

• Evidence-based healthcare

• Increasing public awareness

Situational example:

Patient believes influenza vaccine causes influenza.

Pharmacist should:

• Correct the misinformation

• Explain that the influenza vaccine cannot cause influenza

• Explain that mild fever/soreness may be a normal immune response

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXXI. 2. PATIENT ASSESSOR

Before recommending/administering a vaccine when authorized, assess:• Age

• Medical history

• Pregnancy

• Allergies

• Previous immunization

• Current illness

• Chronic diseases

• Contraindications

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXXII. 3. VACCINE EDUCATOR

Educates patients about:

Benefits

• Disease prevention

• Community protection

• Reduced hospitalization

• Reduced mortality

Risks

• Injection-site pain

• Mild fever

• Fatigue

• Rare allergic reactions

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXXIII. 4. VACCINE STORAGE & COLD

CHAIN MANAGER

Responsibilities:

• Monitor refrigerator temperature

• Maintain cold-chain requirements

• Record temperatures• Check expiration dates

• Monitor inventory

• Prevent vaccine wastage

Most vaccines:

2°C–8°C

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

VERY IMPORTANT SITUATIONAL QUESTION:

If vaccines are stored at 12°C overnight, the affected responsibility is vaccine storage/cold

chain management.

The pharmacist should address the temperature excursion according to applicable

procedures/protocols rather than simply using the vaccines.

XXXIV. 5. VACCINE ADMINISTRATOR —

WHEN AUTHORIZED

When permitted by applicable laws/regulations/authorized programs, trained pharmacists may:

Before administration:

• Verify patient identity

• Obtain informed consent

• Prepare vaccines

During:

• Use proper technique

• Observe patient

• Manage immediate adverse reactions within competency/protocols

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXXV. 6. DOCUMENTATION OFFICERAfter immunization, document:

• Patient name

• Vaccine name

• Brand

• Manufacturer

• Batch/Lot number

• Expiration date

• Dose

• Route

• Injection site

• Date

• Name of vaccinator

Documentation ensures:

• Continuity of care

• Legal compliance

• Vaccine tracking

• Pharmacovigilance

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXXVI. 7. PHARMACOVIGILANCE

Pharmacists monitor/report:

• AEFI = Adverse Events Following Immunization

• Medication errors

• Cold-chain failures

• Product quality defects

Reports are made through appropriate systems established by DOH and Philippine FDA.

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXXVII. RESPONSIBILITIES BEFORE

IMMUNIZATIONRemember:

H-C-A-V-B-C-P-E-S

• History → Review medical history

• Contraindications → Assess

• Allergies → Screen

• Vaccines → Review previous vaccines

• Benefits/risks → Explain

• Consent → Obtain informed consent

• Prepare vaccine properly

• Expiration date → Check

• Storage → Verify conditions

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XXXVIII. RESPONSIBILITIES DURING

IMMUNIZATION

When authorized:

1. Confirm patient identity

2. Verify correct vaccine

3. Verify correct dose

4. Verify route and injection site

5. Practice aseptic technique

6. Observe infection-control measures

7. Dispose of sharps properly

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

Think:

Patient → Vaccine → Dose → Route/Site → Aseptic → Infection Control → Sharps

XXXIX. RESPONSIBILITIES AFTER

IMMUNIZATIONObserve patient:

• Typically 15 minutes

• 30 minutes for individuals with certain risk factors or as indicated by current guidance

Then provide:

• Vaccine card/documentation

• Counseling about expected side effects

• Emergency instructions

• Schedule for future doses if applicable

Then:

• Document immediately

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XL. ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES

Immunizing pharmacist must:

• Respect patient autonomy

• Obtain informed consent

• Protect confidentiality

• Practice within professional competence

• Follow current Philippine laws/regulations

• Provide unbiased, evidence-based recommendations

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XLI. PROFESSIONAL

RESPONSIBILITIES

Immunizing pharmacist should:

• Participate in CPD

• Stay updated on DOH immunization schedules

• Follow FDA vaccine safety advisories• Collaborate with:

o Physicians

o Nurses

o Other healthcare professionals

• Support national vaccination campaigns

7-Roles and Responsibilities of Immunizing Pharmacist.pdf

XLII. HIGH-YIELD SITUATIONAL

QUESTIONS

These are the kinds of situations you should practice because your materials contain several

situational examples.

Situation 1

A patient asks a pharmacist how to properly use, store, and understand the side effects of a

medicine.

Answer: Pharmaceutical care / patient counseling.

Situation 2

A pharmacist checks whether a patient’s medications are appropriate, safe, and effective.

Answer: Pharmaceutical care / professional function.

Situation 3

A pharmacist counts tablets and prepares pre-packaged medicine under direct supervision.

Answer: Technical function.

Situation 4A pharmacist decides which medication therapy is most appropriate based on patient

information.

Answer: Professional function / Decision-Maker.

Situation 5

A pharmacist manages finances, staffing, inventory, and daily pharmacy operations.

Answer: Administrative/managerial function / Manager.

Situation 6

A pharmacist teaches pharmacy students.

Answer: Academic Pharmacy / Teacher / Exclusive function under the provided RA 10918

material.

Situation 7

A pharmacist checks medicines for quality and safety in a manufacturing company.

Answer: Quality Control / Manufacturing Pharmacy.

Situation 8

A pharmacist uses health information systems to improve medication safety.

Answer: Pharmacy Informatics.

Situation 9

A pharmacist prepares radioactive medications for medical imaging.

Answer: Nuclear Pharmacy.Situation 10

A pharmacist manages medication therapy for an elderly patient considering age-related changes.

Answer: Geriatric Pharmacy.

Situation 11

A pharmacist works with physicians and nurses to optimize drug therapy.

Answer: Clinical Pharmacy.

Situation 12

A pharmacist promotes vaccine acceptance and corrects vaccine misinformation.

Answer: Public Health Advocate.

Situation 13

A pharmacist checks age, allergies, medical history, previous vaccines, and contraindications

before vaccination.

Answer: Patient Assessor.

Situation 14

Vaccines were stored at 12°C overnight.

Answer: Problem with vaccine storage/cold chain management.

Situation 15A pharmacist records vaccine name, manufacturer, lot number, expiration date, dose, route,

injection site, and vaccinator.

Answer: Documentation Officer.

Situation 16

A pharmacist monitors and reports AEFI, medication errors, cold-chain failures, and product

quality defects.

Answer: Pharmacovigilance.

XLIII. MUST-MEMORIZE LIST

If you’re short on time, prioritize these:

Laws

• RA 10918 → Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016

• RA 9502 → Herbal/traditional drugs

Seven-Star

Caregiver – Decision-Maker – Communicator – Manager – Life-Long Learner – Leader –

Teacher

Major areas

Academic – Regulatory – Manufacturing – Community/Hospital/Institutional – Public

Health

Exclusive functions

Preparation/compounding/manufacturing/storage/distribution/procurement/sale/dispensin

g + professional services + teaching + supervised dispensing + services requiring

pharmaceutical knowledge

Non-exclusiveAnalyses/assays + physico-chemical analyses + adult vaccines when trained/certified +

scientific research

Immunizing pharmacist

Public Health Advocate – Patient Assessor – Vaccine Educator – Cold Chain Manager –

Vaccine Administrator – Documentation Officer – Pharmacovigilance

Vaccine storage

2°C–8°C

Observation

15 minutes normally; 30 minutes for certain risk factors/as indicated

Before vaccination

History → Contraindications → Allergies → Previous vaccines → Benefits/Risks →

Consent → Prepare → Expiration → Storage

During

Identity → Vaccine → Dose → Route/Site → Aseptic → Infection control → Sharps

After

Observe → Educate → Document

XLIV. SUPER QUICK MEMORY MAP

Think of the whole subject like this:

PHARMACY

→ What is it?

Scope of Pharmacy

→ Where did it come from?

Evolution of Pharmacy→ What can pharmacists do?

Scope + Functions

→ Who can do what?

Exclusive vs Non-exclusive

→ What kind of pharmacist should you become?

Seven-Star Pharmacist

→ Where can you work?

Current & Emerging Fields

→ How can pharmacists help with vaccines?

Immunizing Pharmacist

Most important distinction to remember

CARE = patient-centered

TECHNICAL = dispensing support

ADMINISTRATIVE/MANAGERIAL = running the pharmacy

EXCLUSIVE = licensed pharmacist

NON-EXCLUSIVE = may be performed by other qualified individuals

SEVEN-STAR = professional qualities/roles

IMMUNIZING PHARMACIST = vaccine-specific roles and responsibilities