Polyatomic Ions Vocabulary

Chlorine-Based Polyatomic Ions

  • Perchlorate: ClO4−\text{ClO}_4^-

  • Chlorate: ClO3−\text{ClO}_3^-

  • Chlorite: ClO2−\text{ClO}_2^-

  • Hypochlorite: OCl−\text{OCl}^- or ClO−\text{ClO}^-

  • Halogen Analogs: Bromate and iodate polyatomic ions follow the same naming and chemical structure conventions as chlorine polyatomic ions.

Sulfur-Based Polyatomic Ions

  • Sulfate: SO42−\text{SO}_4^{2-}

  • Sulfite: SO32−\text{SO}_3^{2-}

  • Hydrogen Sulfate (Bisulfate): HSO4−\text{HSO}_4^-

  • Hydrogen Sulfite (Bisulfite): HSO3−\text{HSO}_3^-

  • Thiosulfate: S2O32−\text{S}_2\text{O}_3^{2-}

Nitrogen-Based Polyatomic Ions

  • Nitrate: NO3−\text{NO}_3^-

  • Nitrite: NO2−\text{NO}_2^-

  • Cyanide: CN−\text{CN}^-

  • Thiocyanate: NCS−\text{NCS}^- or SCN−\text{SCN}^-

Carbon-Based Polyatomic Ions

  • Carbonate: CO32−\text{CO}_3^{2-}

  • Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate): HCO3−\text{HCO}_3^-

Phosphorus-Based Polyatomic Ions

  • Phosphate: PO43−\text{PO}_4^{3-}

  • Phosphite: PO33−\text{PO}_3^{3-}

  • Hydrogen Phosphate: HPO42−\text{HPO}_4^{2-}

  • Dihydrogen Phosphate: H2PO4−\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4^-

Oxygen-Based Polyatomic Ions

  • Hydroxide: OH−\text{OH}^-

  • Peroxide: O22−\text{O}_2^{2-}

  • Oxalate: C2O42−\text{C}_2\text{O}_4^{2-}

  • Acetate: C2H3O2−\text{C}_2\text{H}_3\text{O}_2^-

Metal-Based Polyatomic Ions

  • Chromate: CrO42−\text{CrO}_4^{2-}

  • Dichromate: Cr2O72−\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-}

  • Permanganate: MnO4−\text{MnO}_4^-

Polyatomic Cations

  • Ammonium: NH4+\text{NH}_4^+

  • Mercury(I): Hg22+\text{Hg}_2^{2+}

  • Hydronium: H3O+\text{H}_3\text{O}^+