leg ankle foot

  • fibula- letal side

  • tiba-

  • exntnsor digatorm- lines leading to toes

  • fibularis longus-

  • grastroninums- under achlies tendon

  • calcliunlus tendon: under heel

  • digatorum- rest of toes

  • big toes- halisus

  • sesmoid bone- can be in foot

  • Medial malleolus

  • Calcaneus- heel bone

  • Medial tubercle of talus

  • Sustentaculum tali

  • Navicular
    Cuneiforms 1-3 cubic bones in foot
    Lateral malleolus
    Talus
    Cuboid
    Sinus tarsi
    Fibular tubercle
    Base of fifth metatarsal
    Medial tubercle of calcaneus
    Sesamoids
    Metatarsal heads
    MTP Joints
    Phalanges
    IP Joints

  • general techniques for palpation

    • if patient id in pain start away from injury so you dont agrvate the whole thing and also see if something else is causing pain (dont poike a bruse the whole thing will hurt)

    • Locate boney landmarks

    • don’t be timid just polite (you want to find accutal cause of pain)

  • ligaments

  • lateral view

    • named for two bones they attach in foot

    • tailofibular

    • calcaintibular

    • anterior tibularfibular

  • medial view

    • spring ligament or calcaniarnovicular

    • ATF

    • PTF

    • calcinealial tendon aka achilies tendom

  • inforior

    • lots of tiny bones in foot and also lots of ligamnets

  • blood vesses and lympahtic

  • nerves

    • tibial nerve

  • superfical muscles

    • ones on side are the ones we have to know

    • Fibularis longus
      • Gastrocnemius
      • Tibialis anterior
      • Soleus
      • Fibularis brevis
      • Extensor digitorum longus
      • Extensor hallucis longus
      • Calcaneal tendon

    • plantaris

    • abductor digiti minimi

  • deep muscles

    • Popliteus
      • Fibularis longus
      • Tibialis posterior
      • Flexor digitorum
      longus
      • Fibularis brevis
      • Lumbricals
      • Flexor hallucis
      brevis
      • Flexor hallucis
      longus
      • Abductor hallucis
      • Flexor digiti minimi
      • Interossei
      • Flexor digitorum brevis
      • Abductor digiti

  • Gen techiques for establishing ROM

    • put paitent in pos of comfort whenever possible

    • joint in question must be “free”

    • compare bilaterally

    • AROM, PROM, RROM, AAROM

  • Gait/foot type

    • foot type effects gait and how you put your foot on ground

    • high arch leads to supination

    • low arch leads to pronation

    • look at wear pattern on shoe to find out what you are

    • sever pronation- wear on inside of show

    • normal- wear all over

    • supination- wear on outside

  • ROM Foot

    • infersion

    • eversion

    • toe flextiom

    • toe extention

    • foot pronation

    • foot supernation

  • ROM ankle

    • ankle plantar flexion

    • ankle dorsiflexion

  • SLIDES 32-35 have all the most important muscles for tests

  • Gait

    • stride

    • gait

    • sometimes talk about what shoulders are doing

  • Walking- movment

    • heel contact

    • forfoot loading

    • heel off

    • toe off

  • running

    • more of force production than transfer

  • skatebording/snowbording

    • gastrocneumus

    • inverson and everson of ankle

    • fibularis/papneal muscles