APUSH period 7


7.7 innovations and technology

explain causes and effects of innovations of technology in the US

henry ford- made automobiles, model T

  • assembly line: manufacuring plan with large conveyor belt transporting from worker to worker to do one single job

    • drove price of the finished price so low

    • replaced skilled workers in manufacturing

    • scientific management: timed workers and show workers how to make it less

    • as mobility increased, many settled in suburbs (rise of them)

    • more roads especially in places like LA

    • mass produces consumer appliances like toasters, mass consumerism due to low prices (model T are affordable)

    • ford paid workers better

    • the advertising industry

      • freud: learned how to promote stuff using subconscious

      • spread of pop culture due to things like radio

        • corporations broadcasted things for entertainment

          • cinema: jazz singer, ended silent film

            • era emphasizes cultural differences, distinct regional culture (harem renaissance)

  • culture wars fundalmentalism

    • mdoernists: oepn to women being in the public sphere, secular (seperation in church and state)

      • flappers

      • 19th ammendment

      • evolution

      • harlem renssance

  • scopes trial (1925)

    • planned event to teach evolution, be arrested, and be backed by ACLU to challenge laws of tn

    • win of teneesee, but the public sides with scopes

  • rebirth of the KKK

    • expands to anti black to anti immigrant, catholic (anything deemed unamerican)

  • imigration quotw laws

    • mational orgins act: 2% nationality living in the US

      • favors southern europeans

    • emergency qupta act: 3% of nationality living in the US

  • sacco and vanzetti trial: itallian anarchists

    • convincted of robbery and murder in MA, sented to death even with very little evidence

    • highlightd anti immigrant sentiment

  • hispanic immigration

    • need for more people to work in the argicutlural sector

      • mecican immigration increases by 1.3 million to filll the need

  • women

    • divorce increases

    • smaller families withmore control of how many children they have (due to htings likw birth control)

    • voting rights: doesnt chnage blocks as they usually vote same as their hisbands

    • cult of domesticity ideas stays

    • margaret sanger

      • planned parenthood

      • take on abortion: save yourself from dangers of abortion by using BC

  • young women

    • things change a lot and tap into the culture of urban men

      • more working

      • paricipation of dancing and drinking

      • what funsamentalists see as immortal

    • flapper girl: short skirts, causal sex, etc

  • sexuality

    • publicized

    • LGBTQ: more visible

      • gay clubs

      • Mae West’s Drag

    • Psychoanalysos

      • freud comes out with idea of repression during stages of dveelopment manifesting in later stages of life

        • repressign sexual desires can end in negative outcomes

  • conseqences of progibition

    • speakeasies: led to popularity of jazz

    • bootleggers: home brew, alchol relates deaths due to unsafe practices (random people making it)

    • organized crime: rise of the mafia (chicago outfit, al capone)

  • black americans

    • marcys garvey

    • harlem renaissance: rebirth of african american culture and pride starting in harlem due to the great migration during WW1

      • cotton club: hired blakc performers to play, but only hired lighter skintone black people

    • lengston hughes: wrote about black cultural pride, comdemned raicl injustice, innovator of jazz poetry

economy of the 1920’s

  • stock market crash

  • bank

    • bank runs

      • banks are losing money

        • peoples money is also gone due to this

  • tarrifs

    • internationally nobody is giving the us money

  • unequal distributuon fo wealth

    • top 1 percent owns the bulk of wealth

  • hoover: republican promoting lassez faire policies

    • thinks itll go back up by itself and that it would pass

    • hoovervilles

    • associationalism: promoted cooroperation of businesses ans government to adress economic issues

    • self reliance

    • reconstruction finance corporation: gave loans to corporations and banks to stimlate ecnomy and stabilaize peopke/stock market

      • “trickle down” doesnt work

  • FDR

    • keynesian economics: he spends a lot of moeny to provide releif

      • new deal is responsible for more employment in 1932-1937

      • pulls back keynesian economics as theyre doing good again, but this pulls the us back into the recession

    • new deal coalition

      • african americans vote demodrat for the first time

    • 21st amendment

      • 18th amendemnt repealed

    • message of hope

      • communication via radio

      • fireside chats

    • banking holidat: closes all the banks

      • fdr fireside chats make people not rush to the banks

    • the new deal

      • relief: give people money, more employment

        • CCC: employs myoung men and AAs

        • AAA: ruled unconstitutional as a overeah of dueral power, paids farmers to do nothing

      • recovery: reftoring the economy

      • NIRA: striked as unconsititutional, production quotas

      • court packign plan for every supreme ecourt jusice over 70 he can appoint another one to get his stuff passed

      • reform: make sure this does not happen again

        • FDIC: ensures money

        • Social Security Act: you can retire and get monthly pensions, stimulates economy by pushing odler people out and oepn jobs for younger people

      • scc to regulate stock market

      • court packing plan: doesnt go through, due to AAA and NIRA bouncing back, he says for every supreme ecourtjustice over 70, he can appoiny another one to get his plans passed

      • NLRD labor unions have the right to exist and collectively bargain

    • African amerixans, women, and the new deal

      • elenor roosevelt: big civil rights activist, helps boost civil rights for AA and women

      • black cabonet

        • Mary McLeod Bethune: hired as advistor to cabinet, black

      • executive order 8802:

  • opposiition againsr FDR

    • doinf too little

      • Father Charles E. Coughlin:

      • Francis Townsend:

      • Huey long:

    • doing too much


  • Native americans and the new deal

    • shirt in relationship in us government and natives

    • indian reorganization act 1934: reservatiosn controled by us return soverign control to their tribes

    • CCC and WPA benefit them

    • white patternalism:

  • dust bowl: farming practices made the brought even worse

  • agricutlural migration

    • okisies:

    • arkies:

    • mexican repatriation: effort to push mexican americsns

      • citizens (birthright) were pushed out

  • ww2

    • brings the us out of the great depression

    • US Stays netureal, as they decided during their inter-war period

      • cash and carry: selling with europe became hard to sell things with the idea of naturality, using european ships to sell them so that american ships ownt get bombed

        • lend lease: ends cash and carry, says theyre gonna lend to the allied powers and they dont have to pay, ends natureality

    • pearl harbor brings the US into the war on the side of the allies, japan bombs US due to the US ban of oil, which they needed

    • merchants of death:

7.5 - World War I

  • total war: countries molbilizing much economic, industrial, & social resoruces in order to win

  • archduke franz ferdnand’s death causes the outbreak of the war in europe

  • allied powers: britian, russia, & france

  • central powers: germany, austria-hungary, & italy

  • US stayed neutral (with difficulty)

    • sinking of lusitania entered German area & they sunk it, killing 128 americans, angering them

      • germans kept sinking ships and US threatened to break diplomatic relations (step ebfore taking war), germany knew them entering would be bad & backed off

    • German unrescritcted submarine warfare

      • they cooled off from skinking ships but then started sinking warzone ships again, icnlduig. aermcian

    • intetception of zimmmerman telegram

      • to get germany out of. awar with the US, note sent to mexico to get them to start war with Mexico, germany would help get mexican land back that was lost from mexican-american war in return, US intercepted this note and declaration of war was made by Wilson (“safe for democracy”)

  • american expidetionary forces: John Pershing, amrican troops commanded portion of western warfront, US entry tipped the war more towards the allies

  • Treaty of Versallies: 1918, ended the war, argued germany should sufffer but willson argued otherwise

    • 14 points plan: introduced by willson; freedom of seas, self-determanation of nations, establishement of league of nations

      • willsons sickness made him unable to go to many meetings and his fight died

    • germany had to take full responsibility for the war, pay reparetions, etc

    • leagye of nations: Willsons idea of the LoN ended up happening, but congress refused to be part of it to not be dragged in foreign affairs (specifically war)

7.6- WWI on the homefront