AP Psychology Unit

epigenetics - particular genes that get turned on or off from the environment 

• dna makes chromosomes, they’re in the nucleus.

• 2 questions on genetics.

central 

-brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

-anything u can control 

voluntary = somatic

autonomic nervous system

• involuntary 

• sympathetic nervous system - under times of stress, scared or nervous. 

• fight or flight

• in teased heart rate, nerves, etc 

• digestion slows 

rest and digest

• normal breathing

• normal seeing/vision 

• under normal conditions 

action potential 

• action where neuron is active 

• positive charge 

res to g state 

• waiting for neurotransmitter to fire

• after fire you wait 

• neuron has the potential to fire

polarization 

depolarization - inside and outside the same charges + and +

refractory period - cannot work and fire 

between cell - chemical 

down a cell - electrical 

acetylcholine-  lower levels = alzheimer’s and myo

dopamine- reward system and movement too high = causes hallucinations in schizophrenia too low = parkinson’s 

serotonin- associated with mood under supply = depression. prozacs 

adrenaline / norepinephrine 

haha - se jura n insomnia with central nervous system not stopping m

glutamate - pedal 

painkillers lower pain 

substance p - pain

oxytocin- forget pain ml

endorphins elevate mood eu. era high 

Barbitioud - depressant. 

physical and psychological withdrawal different 

psychology = i can’t accomplish this without drug 

physical = hurts to do it 

alcohol affects GABA

what’s makes something polar = opposite 

inside is really negst to d and outside is positive 

chemicals bond to the dendrite 

ion exchange 

cell gets grsddañy less negative 

everything becomes semi persbñd ions become easy to go in 

outside and inside positive is depolarization 

signal goes down cell neurotransmitter gets down the cell 

sodium will go out negative again in refractory period waits for a more bonds 

REFRACTORY = NOT SIGNALS/ HITTING

Polarized - the electrical charge on the outside of the membrane is positive while the electrical charge in the inside of the membrane is negative.

Action potential - inside ions move outside, outside ions move inside.

Stimulus - neurotransmitter from another neuron

Polarization - membrane is negative inside, positive outside. 

Depolarization - membrane is positive inside, negative outside.

Threshold level - the point at which there’s no holding back. 

Above threshold level, more Na+ goes into the cell, complete depolarization and action potential is created.

Hyper polarization - more inside ions outside than outside ions inside