P7-A-GD-Theories-of-GD

Course Overview

  • NCM 107: Care of Mother, Child, & Adolescent (Well Clients)

  • Instructor: Odessa S. Bugarin, MAN

Infant Growth & Developmental Milestones

  • Understanding developmental milestones is crucial for nursing care, categorized by the acronym BABIES which stands for:

    • Body changes

    • Achieving developmental milestones

    • Baby safety interventions

    • Interventions (considerations when providing nursing care)

    • Eating plan

    • Social stimulation (play)

Key Metrics

  • Weight Milestones:

    • Birth: 8 lbs

    • 6 months: 16 lbs (doubles)

    • 1 year: 24 lbs (triples)

  • Length Milestones:

    • Grows 1/2-1 inch per month until 6 months

    • Birth: 21 inches

    • 6 months: 24-27 inches

Social Development

Social Stimulation

  • Infants begin playful interactions to promote cognitive development.

  • Play Types:

    • Watching: Observation of faces and movements (birth to 4 months).

    • Interacting: Active object manipulation, caregiver interaction (4 months and up).

Body Changes and Milestones

  • Dental Eruption:

    • Lower central incisors by 10 months, lost by 6-7 years.

  • Fontanelle Closure:

    • Anterior by 18 months, posterior by 2 months.

Developmental Milestones by Age

2 months to 12 months

  • 2 months:

    • Moves head side to side, responds to sound.

    • Smiles and makes noises (cooing).

  • 4 months:

    • Starts to enjoy mirror play and rolls over.

    • Develops motor skill enjoyment (reaches for toys).

  • 6 months:

    • Sits up with support, recognizes name, begins babbling.

  • 8-9 months:

    • Sits unsupported, crawling begins, understands object permanence.

  • 10-12 months:

    • Holds on to objects for balance, begins to walk, simple words appear (mama/dada).

Baby Safety Interventions

  • Car Safety:

    • Use rear-facing car seats in the back seat.

  • Burn Prevention:

    • Adjust water temperatures to prevent burns.

  • SIDS Education:

    • Place infant on back for sleep; keep sleeping area clear.

Infant Eating Plan

  • Breastfeeding: Preferred for the first 6 months, with appropriate vitamin D supplementation.

  • Introducing Solids: Recommended around 6 months; avoid choking hazards.

  • Social Stimulation: Encourage independent play to promote growth and development.

Toddler Growth and Development Milestones

  • Ages: 1 to 3 years

Physical Development

  • Weight:

    • 24 months should weigh 4X their birth weight.

  • Height:

    • Increases by 2-3 inches yearly; average at 24 months is 33-34 inches.

Developmental Changes

  • Toddlers will show increased curiosity and autonomy.

  • Engages in fine and gross motor skills such as climbing, running, and scribbling.

Behavior Expectations

Temper Tantrums

  • Common during this stage due to frustration with inability to achieve goals.

  • Parents should remain calm and provide choices to cultivate independence.

Preschooler and School-Age Development

  • Preschoolers (3-5 years) grow socially, gaining skills for cooperation and complex play activities.

  • School-age Children (6-12 years) see significant development in gross motor skills and self-concept formation.

Changes and Challenges

Physical Changes During Adolescence

  • Girls: Start puberty around 8-13 years with breast development and hair growth.

  • Boys: Start puberty around 9-14 years with growth spurts and muscle mass increase.

Identifying Developmental Theories

  • Know different stages by Erikson, Piaget, and Kohlberg related to identity formation and moral understanding.

Adolescent Safety Concerns

  • Educate adolescents on handling peer pressure, self-harm, and substance abuse, fostering healthy body image.

Nurse's Role in Developmental Stages

  • Assess emotional and physical needs during hospital visits and provide education tailored for each developmental stage.

  • Encourage positive reinforcement and maintain routines to ease transitions across growth stages.

Conclusion

  • Understanding each segment of growth and development aids in effective nursing care, promoting healthy development trajectories from infancy through adolescence.