Health behaviours and health coaching BB

ILOs (Intended Learning Outcomes)

• Discuss the concept of health behaviours.

• Understand and consider factors that affect people’s behaviour regarding health and wellbeing.

• Understand theories of behaviour change.

• Justify the use of behaviour change theories in public health interventions.

• Describe health coaching and its place in care pathways.

• Describe the GROW approach to health coaching and its implementation.

Health Behaviours

• Defined as actions, habits, and practices that maintain, restore, and improve health.

• Types:

  • Preventative Behaviours: Actions taken to prevent diseases.

  • Health Promotion Behaviours: Efforts to promote good health.

  • Health Risk Behaviours: Including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, substance misuse.

  • Health Utilization Behaviour: Involves seeking health services.

• Influences:

  • Personal, social, and environmental factors.

• Importance: Critical for disease prevention, management, quality of life, and patient outcomes.

Influences on Health

• Natural Environment: Physical surroundings impacting health.

• Emotions: Emotional well-being affecting health choices.

• Genetics: Hereditary factors shaping health behaviours.

• Cognition: Mental processes influencing decisions.

• Institutional Environment: Structures and policies impacting health.

• Macro Environment: Larger societal influences.

• Micro Environment: Local factors affecting health.

• Own Behaviour: Individual health behaviours and decisions.

Decision-Making Process

• Conscious: Affected by perception.

• Sub-conscious: Influenced by memories and knowledge.

• Unconscious: Driven by emotions, fears, desires, and beliefs.

• Good Decision-Making Techniques:

  • Acknowledge biases.

  • Ask the right questions.

  • Incorporate diverse perspectives.

Health Behaviour Theories and Models

• Health Belief Model Components:

  • Background perceptions: Individual's views on health threats.

  • Cues to Action: Triggers that prompt health behaviour changes.

  • Beliefs about health benefits and barriers to action.

  • Perceived self-efficacy: Confidence in the ability to perform behaviours.

Patient Case Study

• Example: A 32-year-old male living with HIV presenting symptoms post-diagnosis.

  • Relevant medical history includes unprotected sex, symptoms reported to healthcare provider, and recent health changes.

Theories of Behaviour Change

• Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour:

  • Components include attitudinal beliefs and social norms influencing intentions and behaviours.

• Trans-Theoretical Model:

  • Stages of change (Pre-contemplation to Termination).

  • Processes of change include consciousness raising, environmental re-evaluation, self-liberation.

• COM-B Model:

  • Focus on Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation necessary for behaviour change.

Health Coaching

• Definition: Supported self-management to promote informed health choices and self-identified goals.

• Benefits:

  • Increased patient motivation and improved clinical outcomes.

  • Skills development for active participation in health management.

• Application: Can be a standalone intervention or part of a broader care pathway.

GROW Model of Health Coaching

• Components:

  • Goal: Establish what the patient wants to achieve.

  • Reality: Assess current situation.

  • Options: Identify potential actions.

  • Will: Determine commitment to act.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) Techniques

• Enhances patient engagement and goal orientation.

• Focus on empowering patients through effective communication techniques, like open-ended questions and reflective listening.

Summary

• Understanding health behaviours requires awareness of influencing factors, behaviour change theories, and effective health coaching strategies.

• Integration of motivational interviewing and GROW model fosters empowered patient involvement in care.