social science

Migration

Migration is the movement of people from one place in the world to another

Return Migration: Moving back to where you came from

Seasonal Migration: moving with each season or in response to labour or climate conditions

Impacts of Migration for Host Country

Impacts of Migration for Host Country

Barriers Migrants may Face

Unemployment

racism/discrimination

Cultural differences

Language barriers

Lack of opportunities

Push and Pull Factors

Urbanisation: 

When the amount of people living in cities increases

Urbanisation occurs when people move from rural areas to urban areas

Push and Pull Factors

Beliefs around Food

Belief Systems:

• Set of ideas and values that shape our beliefs, behaviours, and choices

- E.g. religion, culture, personal values, and health beliefs

     - Belief systems impact our food choices and dietary habits

Different Diets:

The Classic Food Pyramid:

The Low-Carb Food Pyramid

Omnivore:

- Plant based and animal products

Vegetarian

- excludes meat products and seafood but includes plant products 

Pescatarian

- Includes seafood and vegetarian diet stuff, but excludes meat products

Vegan

- Excludes all animal products including meat, dairy, eggs, and honey

Lacto-ovo vegetarian: 

- No meat, poultry, seafood, or meat products (such as gelatin, broths, gravy and lard).                                           

  These vegetarians will still eat eggs and dairy products.

Lacto-vegetarian: 

- No meat (as above) plus no eggs or products containing eggs (such as many baked         

   goods). These vegetarians still consume dairy foods.

Beegan:

- Vegan, with honey included in the diet.

Pollotarian: 

- Only meat eaten is poultry and fowl and do not consume red meat or fish/seafood.

Flexitarian: 

- Eat mostly plant foods, but include small amounts of meat in the diet.

Intolerances:

Gluten Intolerance

- A dietary condition in which people cannot eat gluten, a protein found in wheat, barely, and rye

Lactose Intolerance

- A dietary condition in which people cannot tolerate lactose, a protein found in cow milk products

What Influences Diet Choices?

• Animal Welfare

• Personal taste

• Personal health

• Environment

• Religion

Sustainable Food Choices:

• Organic Farming: using no fertilisers or harmful pesticides to reduce the chance of soil poisoning and harm to the ecosystem

• Locally Sourced Food: This is to reduce the carbon footprint of you food

• Reducing Food Waste: minimise wasted food through proper storage; don’t buy too much

Sustainability

Sustainability is when we are able to meet our needs now, while also ensuring the future generations can do the same.

A sustainable business:

A sustainable business has a small, or potentially positive impact on the global or local environment

A sustainable business tries to maintain a balance between their profit, people, and the planet. (3 ps)

Environmental (Planet):

• energy efficient

• Waste reduction

• Climate change

• Carbon footprint ⇩

Social (People): 

• Social licence

• Adhering to all labour laws

• Health+safety monitored

Economic (Profit):

• Avoiding conflict

• Risk management

• Compliance

Greenwashing:

Greenwashing is when businesses use advertising (marketing) to deceive their customers into thinking that their business is sustainable when it truly is not.

They may do this by simply changing the colour of their products, editing the name, or putting pictures of nature on them.

SINS OF GREENWASHING:

1. Hidden Trade-off: Hiding the real issue- avoiding the problem all together

2. No Proof: Claiming that they are “certified organic” but with no verifiable certification

3. Vagueness: Products claiming to be 100% natural, when the :natural” substances that it may containing are things liken arsenic a formaldehyde

4. Irrelevance: Products claiming to be a certain chemical free when that chemical may have been banned many years ago.

Why?

• Companies greenwash to attract more environmentally friendly customers

• Improve brand image

• To comply with regulations, companies may manipulate information to appear compliant

Fast Food:

• Fast food is a major business in first-world countries. For some, it is a treat, but it can also be used as an alternative for home cooking.

• The price of home cooking is significantly higher than that of fast food.

• Fast Food packaging makes up for over 40% of all litter

Effects:

• GreenHouse Gases: Eating  Fast Food significantly contributes to your carbon footprint due to the resources required for its production

• Transportation: Distributing readymade foods to stores increases the already high carbon numbers due to the large trucks they have been moved in.

• Water Quality: The Pathogens and other chemicals used in the production of fast food  seep into freshwater streams and create marine dead zones.

• Deforestation: Fast food companies cut down rainforests to make room for cattle farming.

Fishing:

• New Zealand earns over $1.3 billion every year on exporting shellfish and fish to other countries

Effects: 

• BY Catch: When commercial fishers are fishing for a particular species, other animals may be caught. These animals are usually thrown back into the ocean dEaD

• Over-Catch: When fishers catch too many fish from a fishery, putting it at risk of collapsing

$ Of dairy increase?

The price of dairy has increased because of:

• High exportation prices in Argentina

• Droughts in aussie

• Devaluation in the US dollar

• Rise in demand from developing countries

Places and Environment

Key Concepts

• Whakapapa: Genealogy and ancestry; Maori believe they have a direct connection to the land because of their ancestors that lived on it. 

• Mauri: Life force or energy that exists within all living things, including the land

• Whakapapa: Emphasises the interconnectedness of all things 

• Manaakitanga: Showing care and respect food others, and this can extend to the natural work

• Kaitiakitanga: Being Kaitiaki and prioritising conservation to the land and it’s resources

Environmental Management Practices

• Rahui: Imposing temporary bans on certain areas to allow ecosystems to regrow and regenerate

• Maramataka: a traditional lunar calendar followed by Maori for guiding agricultural activities. 

Naming as an expression of connection

• Maori name places such as mountains, rivers, and forests; T hese places hold historical, cultural, and spiritual significance

• They often reflect mythology, ancestral connection, and important events

Examples of Flora:

• Kowhai

• Kauri

• Piwakawaka

Examples of Fauna:

• Tuatara

• Kiwi

• Takahe

Examples of Places:

• Waitomo Caves

• Huka Falls

• Taupo

Trade is the exchange of Goods, services, or resources between people, communities, and countries

Economic oppotrunities for iwi included:

• new trading partners

• increased demand

• potential for economic prosperity

Mana is the spiritual, social, and political power held by individuals, families, or communities. It can be gained or lost

Things they traded:

• Flax

• potatoes

• kumara

• land

Barriers faced:

• Limited access to capital and technology

• Language and cultural barriers

• Discrimination and unequal power dynamics

Opportunities

• Access to new technologies

• cultural exchange and learning

• development of skills and knowledge

Map:

A map is an ilustration used to keep track of where things are

A Map NEeds:

• compass rose

• scale

• key/legend

• title