Final Morphemes -CLA 30

Unit 1

PREFIXES

• {ad/as/ac}: to, toward (e.g., adhere, aspire, accommodate)

• {con/com}: with, together (e.g., connect, compress)

• {contra}: against (e.g., contradict, contraband)

• {dis}: apart, away (e.g., disconnect, disperse)

• {e/ex}: out, out of (e.g., eject, exclude)

• {in/im}: in, into, on (e.g., inject, immerse)

• {intro}: within, into (e.g., introduce, introspect)

• {pre}: before (e.g., preview, predict)

• {pro}: forward, for (e.g., propel, proclaim)

• {re}: again, back (e.g., redo, return)

• {retro}: backward (e.g., retroactive, retrospect)

BASES

• {cess}: go, yield (e.g., access, recess)

• {creat}: make, create (e.g., creation, creative)

• {feder}: treaty, agreement (e.g., federal, confederation)

• {medic}: heal, doctor (e.g., medicine, medical)

• {pel/pulse}: drive, push (e.g., compel, repulse)

• {quire}: seek, ask (e.g., inquire, require)

• {solve/solut}: loosen (e.g., solve, solution)

• {spic/spect}: see, look (e.g., inspect, spectacle)

• {sume}: take, use up (e.g., consume, assume)

• {vene/vent}: come (e.g., convene, event)

SUFFIXES

• {al}: pertaining to (e.g., natural, cultural)

• {ion}: act, process, result (e.g., action, reaction)

• {ment}: act, result, means (e.g., movement, agreement)

• {or}: one who, that which (e.g., actor, creator)

Unit 2

BASES

• {life/live}: life, live (e.g., lifelike, relive)

SUFFIXES

• {er}: one who (e.g., painter, writer)

• {est}: most, superlative (e.g., fastest, strongest)

• {s}: plural (e.g., books, lives)

Unit 3

PREFIXES

• {con/com}: with, together (e.g., contract, commit)

• {de}: down, away (e.g., descend, decrease)

• {e/ex}: out, out of (e.g., extract, expel)

BASES

• {duc/duct}: lead, bring (e.g., conduct, educate)

• {prehens/prehend}: seize, grasp (e.g., comprehend, apprehend)

• {script/scribe}: write (e.g., describe, manuscript)

• {tend/tens/tent}: stretch (e.g., extend, tension)

• {trop}: turn (e.g., tropical, heliotrope)

SUFFIXES

• {ion}: act, process, result (e.g., production, confusion)

• {ive}: relating to, tending to (e.g., active, creative)

• {s}: plural (e.g., tasks, plans)

Unit 4

PREFIXES

• {dys}: bad, difficult (e.g., dyslexia, dysfunction)

• {eu}: good, well (e.g., euphoria, euphemism)

BASES

• {acr(o)}: high, tip, extremity (e.g., acrobat, acrophobia)

• {angl(o)}: angle (e.g., triangle, angular)

• {anthrop(o)}: human (e.g., anthropology, philanthropist)

• {arch}: rule, chief (e.g., monarchy, architect)

• {bibli(o)}: book (e.g., bibliography, bibliophile)

• {crac}: rule, power (e.g., democracy, aristocracy)

• {dermat(o)}: skin (e.g., dermatologist, dermatitis)

• {dynam(o)}: power (e.g., dynamite, dynamo)

• {enter(o)}: intestine (e.g., enteritis, enteroscope)

• {entom(o)}: insect (e.g., entomology, entomologist)

• {etym(o)}: true meaning, word origin (e.g., etymology, etymologist)

• {gen(o)}: birth, race, kind (e.g., genetics, pathogen)

• {graph(o)}: write, record (e.g., graphic, biography)

• {heli(o)}: sun (e.g., heliocentric, helium)

• {hellene}: Greek (e.g., Hellenistic, Hellenic)

• {hydr(o)}: water (e.g., hydrate, hydrology)

• {log(o)}: word, study (e.g., logic, dialogue)

• {man}: hand (e.g., manual, manufacture)

• {mon(o)}: one (e.g., monologue, monopoly)

• {ochl(o)}: mob, crowd (e.g., ochlocracy, ochlophobia)

• {ophi(o)}: snake (e.g., ophiology, ophiolite)

• {ornith(o)}: bird (e.g., ornithology, ornithologist)

• {patri}: father (e.g., patriot, patriarch)

• {pept(o)/peps}: digest (e.g., peptic, dyspepsia)

• {phag(o)}: eat (e.g., phagocyte, macrophage)

• {phil(o)/phile}: love (e.g., philosophy, bibliophile)

• {phob(o)}: fear (e.g., claustrophobia, hydrophobia)

• {phon(o)/phem}: sound, voice (e.g., telephone, phonetics)

• {pne}: breathe, lung (e.g., pneumonia, apnea)

• {pyr(o)}: fire (e.g., pyrotechnic, pyromania)

• {soph(o)}: wise (e.g., sophomore, philosophy)

• {thanas/thanat(o)}: death (e.g., euthanasia, thanatology)

• {the(o)}: god (e.g., theology, theocracy)

SUFFIXES

• {ia/a}: condition, state (e.g., mania, bacteria)

• {ics}{ic}: relating to, science of (e.g., physics, logic)

• {ism}: belief, practice (e.g., realism, capitalism)

• {istic}: relating to (e.g., artistic, realistic)

• {ist}: one who (e.g., artist, scientist)

• {ous}: full of (e.g., generous, courageous)

Unit 5

PREFIXES

• {a/an}: not, without (e.g., atypical, anarchy)

• {amphi/amph}: both, around (e.g., amphibian, amphitheater)

• {ana/an}: up, back, again (e.g., analysis, anagram)

• {anti/ant/anth}: against, opposite (e.g., antibiotic, antagonist)

• {apo/ap/aph}: away, from (e.g., apostrophe, apology)

• {cata/cat/cath}: down, against (e.g., catapult, catalyst)

• {dia}: through, across (e.g., diameter, dialogue)

• {ec/ex}: out, outside (e.g., eccentric, exodus)

• {en/em}: in, into (e.g., encompass, embed)

• {epi/ep/eph}: upon, over (e.g., epicenter, epitaph)

• {exo}: outside (e.g., exoskeleton, exotic)

• {hyper}: over, excessive (e.g., hyperactive, hypertension)

• {hypo/hyp/hyph}: under, below (e.g., hypodermic, hypothesis)

• {meta/met/meth}: beyond, change (e.g., metaphor, metamorphosis)

• {palin/pali}: back, again (e.g., palindrome, palinode)

• {para/par}: beside, beyond (e.g., parallel, paradox)

• {peri}: around (e.g., perimeter, periscope)

• {pro}: forward, in favor of (e.g., proceed, prologue)

• {syn/sym}: together, with (e.g., synchronize, symmetry)

BASES

• {athlet}: contest, athlete (e.g., athletic, triathlete)

• {ba}: go (e.g., basis, aerobatics)

• {chromat(o)}: color (e.g., chromatology, monochromatic)

• {chron(o)}: time (e.g., chronological, synchronize)

• {derm(o)}: skin (e.g., dermatologist, epidermis)

• {drom(o)}: run (e.g., dromedary, hippodrome)

• {esthes/aesthet}: feeling, perception (e.g., aesthetics, anesthesia)

• {ge(o)/gee}: earth (e.g., geology, geography)

• {gen(o)}: birth, kind (e.g., genealogy, genocide)

• {helion/elion/heli(o)}: sun (e.g., heliotrope, aphelion)

• {hema/ema/hem(o)/em(o)}: blood (e.g., hemoglobin, anemia)

• {hydr(o)}: water (e.g., hydrate, dehydrate)

• {kine/cine}: move (e.g., kinetic, cinema)

• {ly}: break, loosen (e.g., analysis, paralysis)

• {meter}: measure (e.g., thermometer, barometer)

• {odont(o)}: tooth (e.g., orthodontist, odontology)

• {onym(o)}: name (e.g., synonym, pseudonym)

• {path(o)}: feeling, disease (e.g., empathy, pathology)

• {phylac}: guard (e.g., prophylactic, phylactery)

• {scope}: look (e.g., microscope, telescope)

• {therm(o)}: heat (e.g., thermometer, thermostat)

• {the}: put (e.g., thesis, antithesis)

• {top(o)}: place (e.g., topology, topography)

SUFFIXES

• {ia}: condition (e.g., mania, hydrophobia)

• {ic}: pertaining to (e.g., volcanic, ironic)

• {ist}: one who (e.g., scientist, artist)

• {ous}: full of (e.g., dangerous, porous)

• {sis}: process, condition (e.g., analysis, genesis)

• {y}: state, quality (e.g., harmony, inquiry)

Unit 6

PREFIXES

• {ab/abs}: away (e.g., abduct, abstain)

• {ad/ac/af/ag/al/an/ap/as/at}: to, toward (e.g., adapt, attract)

• {ante}: before (e.g., antecedent, anteroom)

• {anti}: against (e.g., antibiotic, antifreeze)

• {circum}: around (e.g., circumference, circumnavigate)

• {com/con/co/col}: with, together (e.g., combine, collide)

• {de}: down, away (e.g., descend, deduct)

• {di/dis/dif}: apart (e.g., divide, disperse)

• {en/em}: in, into (e.g., enable, empower)

• {ex/e/ef}: out (e.g., exit, eject)

• {extra}: outside (e.g., extraordinary, extracurricular)

• {hypo}: under (e.g., hypodermic, hypothesis)

• {in/im/il/ir} (1): in, into (e.g., inject, illuminate)

• {in/im/il/ir} (2): not (e.g., inactive, impossible)

• {infra}: below (e.g., infrastructure, infrared)

• {inter}: between (e.g., international, intersect)

• {intra}: within (e.g., intramural, intravenous)

• {intro}: inside (e.g., introduction, introspection)

• {non}: not (e.g., nonexistent, nonstop)

• {ob/of/op}: against (e.g., object, oppose)

• {per}: through (e.g., perceive, permit)

• {post}: after (e.g., postpone, postscript)

• {preter}: beyond (e.g., preternatural, preterite)

• {pre}: before (e.g., prefix, predict)

• {pro}: forward (e.g., progress, promote)

• {retro}: backward (e.g., retrospect, retrograde)

• {re}: again (e.g., redo, rebuild)

• {se}: apart (e.g., secede, segregate)

• {sub/suf/sup}: under (e.g., submarine, suffer)

• {super}: above (e.g., supervise, supernatural)

• {trans}: across (e.g., transport, transform)

• {ultra}: beyond (e.g., ultraviolet, ultramodern)

BASES

• {ambula}: walk (e.g., ambulance, ambulatory)

• {apt}: fit (e.g., adapt, aptitude)

• {bibe}: drink (e.g., imbibe, bibulous)

• {ced/cede/ceed/cess}: go, yield (e.g., precede, succession)

• {col}: strain (e.g., colander, coliform)

• {cure}: care (e.g., manicure, secure)

• {duce/duct}: lead (e.g., produce, conduct)

• {err}: wander (e.g., error, erratic)

• {fer}: carry (e.g., transfer, refer)

• {flu}: flow (e.g., influence, fluid)

• {fus}: pour (e.g., confuse, fusion)

• {gress}: step (e.g., progress, congress)

• {hes/here}: stick (e.g., adhesive, inherent)

• {it}: go (e.g., exit, transit)

• {ject}: throw (e.g., eject, inject)

• {labor}: work (e.g., laboratory, elaborate)

• {linqu}: leave (e.g., relinquish, delinquent)

• {litera}: letter (e.g., literature, literal)

• {loc}: place (e.g., location, allocate)

• {lumin}: light (e.g., illuminate, luminescent)

• {mens}: measure (e.g., dimension, immense)

• {nounce/nunci}: declare (e.g., announce, renunciation)

• {pend/pens}: hang (e.g., suspend, suspense)

• {port}: carry (e.g., transport, portable)

• {scribe/script}: write (e.g., inscribe, manuscript)

• {sect/sec}: cut (e.g., section, dissect)

• {spect}: look (e.g., inspect, spectator)

• {spir}: breathe (e.g., inspire, respiration)

• {stat}: stand (e.g., statue, status)

• {ven/vent}: come (e.g., convention, invent)

SUFFIXES

• {ant/ent}: one who, that which (e.g., assistant, president)

• {ary/ery/ory}: relating to, place (e.g., library, bakery)

• {ate}: make, do (e.g., create, regulate)

• {ence/ance}: state, quality (e.g., existence, significance)

• {ic}: pertaining to (e.g., artistic, historic)

• {ify/fy}: make (e.g., magnify, classify)

• {ion}: act, result (e.g., completion, action)

• {ism}: belief (e.g., realism, nationalism)

• {ity/ty}: state, quality (e.g., purity, unity)

• {ive}: having the nature of (e.g., active, explosive)

Unit 7

PREFIXES

• {ambi}: both (e.g., ambidextrous, ambiguous)

• {ante}: before (e.g., antebellum, anteroom)

• {anti}: against (e.g., antibiotic, antidote)

• {auto}: self (e.g., autobiography, automobile)

• {bi}: two (e.g., bilingual, biped)

• {circum}: around (e.g., circumference, circumvent)

• {contra}: against (e.g., contradict, contrast)

• {de}: down, away (e.g., descend, degrade)

• {dia}: through, across (e.g., diameter, dialogue)

• {e/ex}: out (e.g., eject, exit)

• {in/im}: in, into (e.g., inject, immerse)

• {in/im/il/ir}: not (e.g., incomplete, illegal)

• {multi}: many (e.g., multiple, multicultural)

• {post}: after (e.g., postwar, postgraduate)

• {pre}: before (e.g., predict, preview)

• {re}: again (e.g., redo, rebuild)

• {sub}: under (e.g., submarine, subconscious)

• {super}: above (e.g., supervise, supernatural)

• {trans}: across (e.g., transport, transform)

BASES

• {anthrop(o)}: human (e.g., anthropology, misanthrope)

• {arch/archae}: ancient, rule (e.g., archaeology, monarch)

• {bio}: life (e.g., biology, biography)

• {cardi(o)}: heart (e.g., cardiology, cardiac)

• {carn}: flesh (e.g., carnivorous, incarnate)

• {cent}: hundred (e.g., percent, century)

• {chrom}: color (e.g., chrome, monochrome)

• {corp}: body (e.g., corporation, corpse)

• {cred}: believe (e.g., credible, incredulous)

• {cycle}: circle (e.g., bicycle, recycle)

• {dem(o)}: people (e.g., democracy, epidemic)

• {dic/dict}: say (e.g., predict, dictate)

• {duc/duct}: lead (e.g., conduct, introduce)

• {geo}: earth (e.g., geography, geology)

• {graph/gram}: write (e.g., autograph, telegram)

• {log/logy}: study, word (e.g., biology, monologue)

• {man(u)}: hand (e.g., manual, manufacture)

• {meter/metr}: measure (e.g., thermometer, geometry)

• {morph}: form (e.g., metamorphosis, morphology)

• {path}: feeling, disease (e.g., empathy, pathology)

• {phon}: sound (e.g., phonograph, symphony)

• {psych(o)}: mind (e.g., psychology, psychopath)

• {scrib/script}: write (e.g., manuscript, subscribe)

• {tele}: far (e.g., telescope, telephone)

• {therm}: heat (e.g., thermometer, thermal)

SUFFIXES

• {-al/-ial}: related to (e.g., personal, judicial)

• {-ance/-ence}: state, quality (e.g., resistance, existence)

• {-ant/-ent}: one who, that which (e.g., assistant, president)

• {-ary/-ery/-ory}: relating to, place (e.g., library, bakery)

• {-ful}: full of (e.g., joyful, helpful)

• {-ic/-ical}: pertaining to (e.g., musical, historical)

• {-ion/-tion/-ation}: action, process (e.g., action, creation)

• {-ism}: belief (e.g., realism, idealism)

• {-ist}: one who (e.g., artist, scientist)

• {-ity/-ty}: state, quality (e.g., purity, unity)

• {-ize/-ise}: make (e.g., realize, categorize)

• {-less}: without (e.g., hopeless, fearless)

• {-ous/-eous/-ious}: full of (e.g., dangerous, courageous)

• {-y}: characterized by (e.g., cloudy, funny)

Unit 8

BASES AND COMBINING FORMS

• {ag/act}: do, drive (e.g., agile, action)

• {anthrop(o)}: human (e.g., anthropology, philanthropist)

• {bi(o)}: life (e.g., biology, biography)

• {brev(i)}: short (e.g., brevity, abbreviate)

• {carcin(o)}: cancer (e.g., carcinoma, carcinogenic)

• {carn(i)}: flesh (e.g., carnivorous, reincarnate)

• {cide}: kill (e.g., homicide, pesticide)

• {ectomy}: surgical removal (e.g., appendectomy, mastectomy)

• {entom(o)}: insect (e.g., entomology, entomophagous)

• {ethn(o)}: race, people (e.g., ethnicity, ethnocentric)

• {etym(o)}: word origin (e.g., etymology, etymon)

• {febr(i)}: fever (e.g., febrile, antipyretic)

• {ferv}: boil (e.g., fervent, effervescent)

• {frang/fract}: break (e.g., fracture, fragment)

• {frug(i)/fruct}: fruit (e.g., frugal, fructose)

• {fuge}: flee (e.g., refuge, centrifuge)

• {fy}: make (e.g., clarify, amplify)

• {ge(o)}: earth (e.g., geology, geography)

• {ger(o)}: old (e.g., gerontology, geriatric)

• {grav(i)}: heavy (e.g., gravity, gravitate)

• {herb(i)}: plant (e.g., herbivore, herbal)

• {hipp(o)}: horse (e.g., hippopotamus, hippodrome)

• {hor(o)}: hour (e.g., horoscope, horology)

• {host(i)}: enemy (e.g., hostile, hostage)

• {iatr(o)}: doctor, healing (e.g., psychiatry, iatrogenic)

• {ichthy(o)}: fish (e.g., ichthyology, ichthyosaur)

• {insect(i)}: insect (e.g., insecticide, insectivore)

• {joc}: joke (e.g., jocular, jocund)

• {logist}: one who studies (e.g., biologist, geologist)

• {logy}: study of (e.g., biology, psychology)

• {log(o)}: word (e.g., dialogue, monologue)

• {magn(i)}: great (e.g., magnificent, magnify)

• {morph(o)}: form (e.g., morphology, polymorph)

• {nebul}: cloud (e.g., nebula, nebulous)

• {neglig/neglect}: disregard (e.g., negligible, neglectful)

• {neur(o)}: nerve (e.g., neurology, neuron)

• {omn(i)}: all (e.g., omnipotent, omniscient)

• {ornith(o)}: bird (e.g., ornithology, ornithophobia)

• {parthen(o)}: virgin (e.g., parthenogenesis, Parthenon)

• {pater/patri}: father (e.g., patriarch, patriot)

• {path(o)}: disease, feeling (e.g., pathology, empathy)

• {pesti}: plague (e.g., pesticide, pestilence)

• {phag(o)}: eat (e.g., phagocyte, anthropophagy)

• {pisc(i)}: fish (e.g., piscatorial, piscine)

• {psych(o)}: mind (e.g., psychology, psychosis)

• {pus/pod(o)}: foot (e.g., octopus, podiatry)

• {radic}: root (e.g., radical, eradicate)

• {rani}: frog (e.g., raniform, raniculture)

• {rect}: straight (e.g., rectangle, rectify)

• {rhiz(o)}: root (e.g., rhizome, rhizophagous)

• {sap(i)/sip(i)}: taste, wise (e.g., sapient, insipid)

• {sapr(o)}: rotten (e.g., saprophyte, saprogenic)

• {simil(i)}: like (e.g., similarity, assimilate)

• {squal(i)}: filthy (e.g., squalid, squalor)

• {sui}: self (e.g., suicide, sui generis)

• {verm(i)}: worm (e.g., vermin, vermicelli)

• {vor/vore}: eat (e.g., carnivore, omnivore)

Unit 9

BASES AND COMBINING FORMS

• {agon} (1): struggle (e.g., agony, protagonist)

• {agon} (2): contest (e.g., antagonist, agonistic)

• {ann(i)/enn(i)}: year (e.g., annual, centennial)

• {bi}: two (e.g., bicycle, bilingual)

• {cent(i)} (cardinal): hundred (e.g., century, centipede)

• {cent(i)} (ordinal): hundredth (e.g., centimeter, centesimal)

• {cephal(o)}: head (e.g., cephalopod, encephalitis)

• {chromat(o)}: color (e.g., chromatography, monochromatic)

• {cycle}: circle, wheel (e.g., cycle, bicycle)

• {deca}: ten (e.g., decade, decathlon)

• {dec(i)/decem} (cardinal): ten (e.g., decimal, December)

• {dec(i)/decim} (ordinal): tenth (e.g., decimate, decimeter)

• {deuter(o)}: second (e.g., deuteronomy, deuterostome)

• {digit}: finger, number (e.g., digital, digitize)

• {duo/du} (Latin): two (e.g., duet, dual)

• {dy(o)} (Greek): two (e.g., dyad, dyarchy)

• {ennea/ennead}: nine (e.g., ennead, enneagram)

• {fol(i)}: leaf (e.g., foliage, exfoliate)

• {gam(o)}: marriage (e.g., monogamy, polygamy)

• {hect(o)}: hundred (e.g., hectare, hectogram)

• {hemi}: half (e.g., hemisphere, hemiplegia)

• {hen(o)}: one (e.g., henotheism, henotic)

• {hepta/hept/hepth}: seven (e.g., heptagon, heptathlon)

• {hexa/hex}: six (e.g., hexagon, hexahedron)

• {kil(o)}: thousand (e.g., kilometer, kilobyte)

• {lac}: milk (e.g., lactose, lactation)

• {later}: side (e.g., bilateral, equilateral)

• {mill(i)} (cardinal): thousand (e.g., millennium, millipede)

• {mill(i)} (ordinal): thousandth (e.g., millimeter, millisecond)

• {mon(o)}: one (e.g., monologue, monochrome)

• {mult(i)}: many (e.g., multiply, multinational)

• {nom}: name, law (e.g., nominate, astronomy)

• {non}: nine (e.g., nonagon, November)

• {nov/novem}: nine (e.g., November, novena)

• {octav}: eighth (e.g., octave, octavo)

• {octo/oct(i)} (Latin): eight (e.g., octopus, October)

• {oct(o)} (Greek): eight (e.g., octane, octad)

• {olig(o)}: few (e.g., oligarchy, oligopoly)

• {orama}: view (e.g., panorama, diorama)

• {pan(o)}: all (e.g., pantheon, pandemic)

• {pare/pari/para}: produce (e.g., prepare, separate)

• {pede/ped}: foot (e.g., centipede, pedestrian)

• {pent/penta/penth}: five (e.g., pentagon, pentathlon)

• {pleg(o)}: strike (e.g., paraplegic, hemiplegia)

• {poly}: many (e.g., polygon, polyglot)

• {pol}: city (e.g., metropolis, politics)

• {prim(o)}: first (e.g., primary, primogeniture)

• {prot(o)}: first (e.g., prototype, protagonist)

• {quadru/quadri/quadr}: four (e.g., quadrilateral, quadruplet)

• {quart}: fourth (e.g., quarter, quartile)

• {quinqu/quinque}: five (e.g., quinquennial, quinquefoil)

• {quint}: fifth (e.g., quintuple, quintet)

• {second}: second (e.g., secondary, secondarily)

• {sem(i)}: half (e.g., semicircle, semiannual)

• {sept/septem} (cardinal): seven (e.g., September, septennial)

• {sept} (ordinal): seventh (e.g., septimal, septuagenarian)

• {seque}: follow (e.g., sequence, consequence)

• {sext}: six (e.g., sextuple, sextet)

• {sex}: six (e.g., sextant, sextillion)

• {terti}: third (e.g., tertiary, tertian)

• {tetra/tetrad}: four (e.g., tetragon, tetrad)

• {tri} (Greek): three (e.g., triangle, trilogy)

• {tri} (Latin): three (e.g., tricycle, trinity)

• {uni}: one (e.g., unity, unicorn)

Morphemes from Supplementary Lectures

PREFIXES, BASES, AND SUFFIXES

• {phy}: plant (e.g., epiphyte, neophyte)

• {-on}: particle (e.g., proton, neutron)

• {phyt(o)/-phyte}: plant (e.g., phytoplankton, sporophyte)

• {plankt}: wandering (e.g., plankton, plankter)

• {epi}: upon, close to (e.g., epilogue, epidermis)

• {prot(o)}: first (e.g., prototype, protocol)

• {neo-}: new (e.g., neologism, neonatal)

• {phyl(o)}: tribe, race (e.g., phylogeny, phylum)

• {gen}: produce, create (e.g., generate, genesis)

• {eu}: good, well (e.g., euphoria, eugenics)

• {kary/cary}: nucleus (e.g., eukaryote, prokaryote)

• {-ote}: individual (e.g., eukaryote, zygote)

• {-ota}: group (e.g., biota, mycota)

• {gam}: marriage, union (e.g., gamete, polygamy)

• {phyll(o)}: leaf (e.g., chlorophyll, phyllotaxis)

• {-ine}: chemical, relating to (e.g., chlorine, crystalline)

• {-in}: chemical, protein (e.g., insulin, melanin)

• {hal(o)}: salt (e.g., halogen, halophyte)

• {hol(o)}: whole (e.g., holistic, hologram)

• {palae(o)}: ancient (e.g., paleontology, Paleolithic)

• {phaner(o)}: visible (e.g., phanerogam, phaneritic)

• {cene}: recent (e.g., Holocene, Pleistocene)

• {mei(o)/mi(o)}: less (e.g., meiosis, miocene)

• {melan(o)}: black (e.g., melanin, melanoma)

• {cyan(o)}: blue (e.g., cyanide, cyanobacteria)

• {erythr(o)}: red (e.g., erythrocyte, erythema)

• {kerat-}: horn (e.g., keratin, keratoplasty)

• {-ite}: mineral, fossil (e.g., anthracite, calcite)

• {leuc(o)/leuk(o)}: white (e.g., leukocyte, leukemia)

• {chlor(o)}: green (e.g., chlorophyll, chloroplast)

• {cyt(o)}: cell (e.g., cytoplasm, cytology)

• {poie}: make (e.g., hematopoiesis, osteopoiesis)

• {blast}: bud, germ (e.g., osteoblast, blastula)

• {nat}: birth (e.g., natal, innate)

• {olig(o)}: few (e.g., oligarchy, oligosaccharide)

• {chondr(o)}: cartilage (e.g., chondrocyte, hypochondriac)

• {mit(o)}: thread (e.g., mitosis, mitochondria)

• {pharmac(o)}: drug (e.g., pharmacology, pharmaceutical)

• {toxic(o)}: poison (e.g., toxicology, neurotoxic)

• {zo(o)}: animal (e.g., zoology, zooplankton)

• {dy}: power (e.g., dynamo, dynamic)

• {chrys(o)}: gold (e.g., chrysanthemum, chrysoberyl)

• {anth(o)}: flower (e.g., anthology, anther)