Basic Concept of Hazard

Basic Concept of M Hazards

Lesson Overview

  • Types of Hazards

  • Hazard Mapping

Definition of Hazard

  • According to UNDRR: "Potentially damaging physical events, phenomena, or human activities that may cause injury or loss of life."

Learning Objectives

  • Explain the impact of various hazards on people and the environment.

  • Appreciate and apply different concepts of hazard in identifying potential hazards in one's environment.

Difference Between Hazard and Disaster

  • Hazard: An event or situation with the potential to cause harm.

  • Disaster: An event or situation that causes enormous loss of life or property resources.

Types of Hazards

Natural Hazards

  • Geophysical: Earthquake, volcanic activity

  • Hydrological: Flood, storm surge

  • Meteorological: Thunderstorm, tropical storm

  • Climate: Drought, wildfire

  • Alien Planet Class: Planet collision, space weather

Man-made Hazards

  • Technical Hazards: Fire, explosion

  • Chemical Hazards: Oil spills, radiation pollution

  • Major Traffic Accidents: Road, aviation, railway accidents

  • Sociological Hazards: Terrorism, arson

Hazard Mapping

  • Identifies areas vulnerable to hazards to implement proper DRRM protocols, especially for evacuation plans.

Hazard Risk Analysis

  • Local Government Units gather data about hazards:

    • Location, scale, frequency, and severity of hazard events.

Community-Based Disaster History

  • Analyzing historical information on past disasters in the community and potential hazards present.

Hazard Vulnerability Map

  • Indicates vulnerability levels in communities: highly, moderately, or less vulnerable to specific hazards.

Example Disaster History Table

Year

Disaster

Areas Affected

Damage/Losses

2020

COVID-19 pandemic

100% community

46 deaths, 300 untested

2020

Flooding due to Typhoon Ulysses

85% of community

30 deaths, 500 houses damaged

2012

Flooding due to southwest monsoon

Brgy. Ugong

1 child drowned, 4 business damaged

Factor-Based Analysis

A tool for hazard characterization to aid in community-based DRRM:

  1. Frequency - How often does the community encounter the hazard?

  2. Duration - How long does it last?

  3. Speed of Onset - Quickness of occurrence after detection.

  4. Intensity - Level of strength or magnitude.

  5. Probability - Likelihood of occurrence over time.

  6. Forewarning - Signals indicating occurrence and preparation time.

  7. Manageability - Manageability of the effects.

HazardHunterPH

  • A one-stop shop for hazard assessments:

    • Check for seismic, volcanic, or hydrometeorological hazards.

    • Generate hazard assessment reports.