classical conditioning

Condition reflex - a reflex or response that was condition up training
Contingent relationship - the presentation of 1 stimulus reliably leads to the presentation of another
Classical conditioning - the learning of a contingency b/w a particular signal and a later vent that are pained in time and/or space

unconditioned stimulus (US or UCS) - a stimulus that unconditionally and automatically triggers a response in the absence of any learning
Unconditioned response (UR or UCR) - Often a biologically programmed reflex. When a US occurs, a UR always follows. Does not depend on prior learning.
Conditioned stimulus (CS) - a previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated w an unconditioned stimulus to eventually trigger a response all on its own. The metronome with Pavlov's dogs.
Conditioned response (CR) - the eventual response to the CS. UR and CR will always be the same with a slight modification. The dogs salivating to the sound of the metronome. Dependent on prior learning

'break the contingency'

Acquisition - the process by which a contingency between a CS and US is learned

Most amount of learning occurs during the early training trials. While some learning take place afterwards, it never matches the amount learned in the earlier trials.

EXTINCTION
In theory, as long as the condition stimulus continues to be a reliable cue for the unconditioned stimulus, the contingency will be maintained. However, if the conditions changed such that the condition's stimulus is no longer a reliable cue, the conditioned response will eventually fade.

Extinction - the loss of the CR when the CS no longer predicts the US

So there are two theories to how extinction occurs
Extinction = unlearning the CS Extinction = learning to inhibit the CS

• If extinction is unlearning the
  CS then if a person were to retrain, the amount of learning a person would have to take would be about the same to what it took to create the CR in the first place - If extinction is learning to inhibit the CS, then we would find that if a person were to retrain, the person would learn the CR faster as they would already be familiar

Spontaneous recovery - the sudden recover of a conditional response following a rest period after extinction

the conditioned response occurs a

Following the extinction procedure in which the condition stimulus is presented repeated in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response gradually fades. However following a rest period, if the CS is presented once more without EU it once again elicits a conditioned response. This suggests that the original learned associated b/w the conditioned and conditioned stimulus is not unlearned. Rather, extinction seems to promote a learned inhibitory response that competes w the original learned contingency.

GENERALIZATION AND DISCRIMINATION
Stimulus generalization - the process by which stimuli similar to the CS will also produce a CR

Stimulus discrimination - restricts the range of conditioned stimuli that can elicit a response

CS+ - US of a shock
CS- - US of nothing

Implosive therapy - an individual w a particular phobia is encouraged to confront the CS that invoked their anxiety using their imagination. The CS is presented in the absence of the associated US.

Systematic Desensitization - patient is gradually desensitized to similar fear-inducing stimili. Eventually working their way up to the original

HOMEOSTASIS AND COMPENSATORY RESPONSES
Compensatory response - a process which counteracts a challenge to homeostasis