WEEK-3-Q3-RADAR-SYSTEM

RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging)

• Definition: A device that tracks and fixes the location of targets at a distance using radio waves.

• Operation Principle:

  • Operates on the theory of radio echoes.

  • Similar to echolocation used by bats and dolphins.

  • Radio waves bounce back after hitting an object and reflect back.

Components of RADAR

• Radar Transmitter:

  • Produces radio waves for detection purposes.

  • Can be classified into:

    • Oscillators

    • Power Amplifiers

• Radar Receiver:

  • Accepts weak target signals, amplifies them to a functional level.

  • Converts information from Radio Frequency (RF) to baseband.

LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)

• Definition: A device that emits light through optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

• Main Components:

  • Lasing Medium: Can be solid, liquid, or gas.

  • Stimulating Energy Source (Pump): Provides the energy required for lasing.

  • Optical Resonator: Enhances the emitted light through reflection.

Components of LASER

• Optical Cavity:

  • Contains a full reflecting mirror and a partially reflecting mirror.

• Lasing Medium Details:

  • Substance used to produce stimulated emission of photons.

  • Can consist of gas, liquid, or semiconductor material.

  • Example includes Ruby Stones.

LASING ACTION

• Definition: Release of energy from an excited atom through stimulated emission.

• Mechanism:

  • Atoms are forced to return to an unexcited state by stimulation of energy.

  • Involves mirrors facing each other to reflect light emitted between them.

Optical Resonator

• Definition: An arrangement of mirrors or optical elements forming a cavity resonator for light waves.

• Purpose: Surrounds the gain medium and provides feedback for laser light, crucial for the operation of lasers.