Copy of Philosophy Test Review

Philosophy Test Review

\ \ Explain the following terms:

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  • Distributive justice - the fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of social cooperation among diverse persons with competing needs and claims.

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  1. Harm Principle - You can do anything you want if you don’t harm anyone else.

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  1. Difference Principle - Inequalities are okay as long as it benefits society down to its lowest level

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  1. Veil of Ignorance - Test for determining a just system. If you had the power to make the rules but didn’t know who you were, what rules would you make?

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  1. Categorical Imperative - something that a person must do, no matter what the circumstances.

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  1. Positive rights - Things you get to exercise or something that someone must give you, (healthcare, education, voting)

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  1. Negative rights - Non - Interference (free speech, right to bear arms)

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  1. Social Contract Theory - We start as individuals but give up something to join the society to get something in return.

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  1. Deontology - Morality of action should be based on whether action itself is right or wrong, not what consequences the action will have

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  1. Utilitarianism - greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people

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  1. Virtue Ethics - An action is good if that is what a righteous person would do

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  1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - Fulfill our basic needs before we fulfill our satisfactory needs

\ Fill in the blanks.

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  1. Philosophy began in Ancient Greece.

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  1. John Rawls believed that justice equaled fairness.

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  1. John Stuart Mill believed that justice meant respect for their rights.

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  1. Thomas Hobbes believed that life in the state of nature would be a miserable state of war.

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  1. According to Maslow, the most basic need is for physiological needs (food, water, shelter).

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  1. Another term for utilitarianism is consequentialism.

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  1. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are the philosophers most associated with the Social Contract Theory.

\ \ \ Answer the following.

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  1. What is the problem with utilitarianism?

If you believe in this theory, you are saying that the individual's life doesn't matter. If it is the greatest happiness, you only care for some portion of the people, meaning the other portion of the unhappy individuals doesn’t matter.

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  1. Is the Social Contract an actual document?

This contract is not hypothetical, as Hobbes describes the one argued for in his Leviathan. This is an actual contract

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