Anthropology of Ghosts

Anthropology Department Event

  • The Anthropology Department is hosting an event.
  • It is open to all students, not just anthropology majors.
  • All full-time anthropologists will be present.
  • There will be free food and snacks.
  • Information about the department will be available.
  • Graduating students will be celebrated.

Ghost Hunting as Modern Paranormal Research

  • Ghost hunters aim to appear objective and scientific.
  • They seek physical evidence of the afterlife.
  • Ghost hunters lack the advanced degrees of psychical researchers and parapsychologists.
  • They are everyday people trying to determine if the afterlife exists.

Theories About Ghosts

Intelligent Hauntings

  • These involve deceased spirits that have returned.
  • The spirits are aware they are dead.
  • They can communicate in real-time.
  • They can manipulate the physical environment; an example of manipulation would be moving objects from one location to another.

Residual Hauntings

  • Locations or structures absorb the energy of a living person.
  • The haunting is like a recording replaying the person's energy.
  • There is no intelligent ghost present.
  • Communication is impossible; an example would be if someone had died at a specific location it create a residual haunting that plays over and over.

Psychological Hauntings

  • Ghosts are not physically real.
  • Ghosts are psychologically real or imagined.
  • These hauntings impact people who encounter them.
  • They can result from psychological trauma, stress, or fear.
  • Example: A woman in Laguna Niguel experiencing paranormal activity due to the stress of a divorce.
Case Study: The Train Conductor
  • Dom, from Paranormal Investigation New York, investigated this case.
  • A subway driver was put on leave after a high school boy jumped onto the tracks and was killed by the train.
  • The conductor claimed photographs of the boy appeared in his house.
  • Dom found this unusual, as photos of deceased individuals don't typically appear spontaneously.
  • Dom investigated, giving the conductor a questionnaire about medications, stress, home life, and mental illness history.
  • A second photograph appeared, making the case even stranger.
  • Dom identified the boy and interviewed students at his school, seeking a connection to the conductor but found none.
  • During the physical investigation, the conductor found a ring on his mantelpiece, claiming it belonged to the boy.
  • The conductor had attended the boy's memorial service and taken the photographs, blocking the memory due to trauma; the conductor was scattering the stolen items as an expression of his trauma.
  • Dom concluded there was nothing objectively paranormal, but the conductor was coping with deep trauma and PTSD.
  • This type of investigation is the majority of Paranormal investigations.
Statement from Victor, a Psychic and Unitarian Pastor
  • Victor took a leave from paranormal investigations to focus on spiritual counseling and healing.
  • His goal was to find the truth and promote understanding, not just seek evidence of paranormal activity.
  • Over 90% of investigations were due to emotional, environmental, or attention-seeking situations, not spirits.
  • People often blame the unseen for their problems rather than taking personal responsibility.
  • Victor retired from active paranormal investigation to rededicate himself to his spiritual foundation, healing, counseling, teaching, and communication.
  • The conclusion after a lifetime of paranormal investigations is that most cases stem from emotional distress.
  • Studying ghosts often reveals insights into human behavior and psychology.

Poltergeists

  • Poltergeists are supernatural entities responsible for physical disturbances, such as objects being thrown or moved.
  • They are considered intelligent.
  • The source is typically an unconscious psychic burst of energy.
  • Poltergeists are often associated with young women going through puberty, whose hormonal changes cause these psychic outbursts.
  • Example: Carrie (from the movies).

Possessions

  • Possessions are when an alien spirit inhabits an individual's body.
  • The individual's personality is fractured.
  • Treatment involves exorcisms.
  • Both poltergeists and possessions are rare in the ghost hunting world.

Quick Think Questions

  • Which of the following hauntings involve the second outburst of pre adolescent girls?
    • The Answer is C: Poltergeist Hauntings.
  • You can communicate with ghosts of a residual haunting.
    • The answer is false.

Practicing Paper Analysis with a Ghost Hunt Episode

Instructions

  • Background Information: Identify the background information provided.
  • Ghost Manifestation: Describe how the ghost manifested.
  • Meaning Attribution: Explain the meaning attributed to the haunting and how participants make sense of their paranormal experiences.

Series: Paranormal State

  • It follows a team of college students.
  • They investigate paranormal claims using a case study format.
  • Pay attention to how the team tries to appear objective and scientific.
  • Consider the limitations of science in these investigations.
  • Note the care and caution used when communicating with clients in private homes.

Episode Summary: Paranormal State

  • A family, Shelly and Brian, contacted the team because their son, Matthew (8 years old), was experiencing paranormal phenomena.
  • Matthew saw black mists, experienced cold spots, and was attacked at night.
  • He was afraid to sleep alone.
  • Matthew claimed a voice told him to harm his mother and jump off the roof.
  • The family had previously sought help from counselors and doctors without success.
  • The phenomena started after they moved into the house.
  • Matthew began talking about "Timmy" after the move.
  • It was later revealed that the body of a former tenant, Timothy Shirey, was found in the woods near the home six months after the family moved in.
  • Timothy was found with his 22 rifle missing.
  • The team contacted people who knew Timmy, including a couple who were close to him.
  • They learned that Timmy always wore headphones.
  • Matthew was shown photos and identified Timmy, even recognizing the headphones.
  • Dead time was conducted at 3 AM with the team splitting into groups inside the house and at the site of Timmy's death.
  • Shelly became emotional, and strange noises and breathing were heard.
  • A spiritual cleansing was performed to bring peace to the family.
  • Matthew appeared more relieved and began sleeping in his own bed again.
  • The team gave the family holy water for protection.

Analysis of the Paranormal State Episode

Background Information
  • Matthew was experiencing paranormal phenomena (black mists, cold spots, voices, full body apparitions).
  • The phenomena occurred at night, preventing him from sleeping.
  • Matthew was taking sleeping pills.
  • The activity began after the family moved to the new location.
  • A body was found on the property from a former tenant, identified as Timmy.
  • Timmy died by suicide, shooting himself in the forest.
  • The family sought help from counselors and doctors before contacting the ghost hunters.
  • The parent's relationship was struggling due to the paranormal events happening in their home.
Ghost Manifestation
  • Black mists
  • Cold spots
  • Bloody people and full body apparitions.
  • Voices telling Matthew to cause harm.
Compelling Evidence
  • Matthew correctly identified Timmy in a photo.
  • Matthew knew Timmy wore headphones all the time, a detail not publicly known.
Meaning Attributed to the Haunting
  • Matthew was sensitive to the paranormal.
  • The family was living in Timmy's former house, creating a connection.
  • The haunting was unresolved because Timmy died by suicide, a tragic and traumatic event.
  • The ghost hunters resolved the case through a Christian framework, using holy water and performing a spiritual cleansing.
  • The family was comforted by the validation that their experiences were real and acknowledged.

Analysis and Discussion

Validation and Acknowledgment
  • The family received acknowledgment and validation that the paranormal events are real.
  • Previously medical professionals told them the paranormal events are not real.
  • This sense of validation gave the Family peace
The Role of Christianity
  • The resolution, through Christian frameworks, provided comfort in a time of turmoil and confusion within the family.
Suicide and Societal Attitudes
  • Unanswered questions about suicide can contribute to the perception of hauntings.
The Significance of Physical Locations
  • Hauntings are often associated with sites of violence, trauma, or tragedy.
The Portrayal of Children
  • Children are viewed as innocent, impressionable, and vulnerable to paranormal activity, requiring protection.
Establishing Truth
  • Truth is established through shared experiences (intersubjectivity) rather than solely relying on scientific or medical explanations.
Importance of compassion
  • As Americans, there is more compassion for the dead then the living when it comes to race and marginalized communities.
Formal Education
  • Tours would sugar coat traumatic past and turn them into positive places that have been know to be haunted locations.