Untitled Flashcards Set

📘 Semester II Physics Review Guide: Flashcards + Quizzes

⚡️ Unit 1: Electric Forces & Fields

Flashcards

Q1: What particle is transferred to charge an object?
A1: Electrons

Q2: What charge does the nucleus of an atom have?
A2: Positive

Q3: What is polarization?
A3: Redistribution of charge in an object due to a nearby charged object

Q4: What type of force is the electric force?
A4: A field force (acts at a distance)

Q5: What does Coulomb's law state?
A5: Electric force is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance

Quiz (5 Qs)

1. Objects become charged by transferring:
A. Protons
B. Neutrons
C. Electrons ✅
D. Nuclei

2. Two negative charges will:
A. Attract
B. Repel ✅
C. Combine
D. Become neutral

3. The force between charges increases when distance:
A. Increases
B. Decreases ✅
C. Stays the same
D. Becomes zero

4. A negatively charged rod brought near a metal sphere causes:
A. No charge
B. Positive charge
C. Induced charge ✅
D. Electrons to stop

5. What is the unit of electric field strength?
A. N/C ✅
B. V/A
C. C/m
D. W/m

🔋 Unit 2: Electric Energy & Circuits

Flashcards

Q1: What is electric potential energy?
A1: Energy due to position in an electric field

Q2: What is electric current?
A2: The rate of flow of electric charge (measured in amperes)

Q3: What is Ohm’s Law?
A3: V = IR

Q4: In a series circuit, the current is:
A4: The same at all points

Q5: What is the unit of resistance?
A5: Ohms (Ω)

Quiz (5 Qs)

1. One ampere equals:
A. One joule/sec
B. One coulomb/sec ✅
C. One volt/sec
D. One ohm

2. A resistor in a circuit:
A. Speeds up electrons
B. Adds voltage
C. Converts energy into heat ✅
D. Acts like a switch

3. In a parallel circuit, the voltage:
A. Changes at each branch
B. Is zero
C. Is the same across all branches ✅
D. Increases in each resistor

4. A device that stores electric energy is called a:
A. Resistor
B. Capacitor ✅
C. Fuse
D. Load

5. A short circuit has:
A. Very high resistance
B. No energy transfer
C. Little resistance ✅
D. Many paths

Flashcard Example
Q: What type of electric charge is transferred when objects become electrically charged?
A: Electrons.

Q: What is the SI unit for electric field strength?
A: Newtons per Coulomb (N/C).

Q: What type of wave is a sound wave?
A: Longitudinal wave.

Q: What does Ohm’s Law state?
A: V=IRV = IRV=IR

Q: What happens to the electric force when the distance between two charges is halved?
A: It quadruples.

I can generate a full list like this for every chapter — would you like all ~80-100 flashcards here or a downloadable file too?

📑 3⃣ Practice Problems

Electricity Example
Q: A 10 Ω resistor has a current of 2 A. What is the voltage across it?
A: V=IR=10×2=20 VV = IR = 10 \times 2 = 20\,VV=IR=10×2=20V

Waves Example
Q: A wave has a frequency of 5 Hz and a wavelength of 3 m. What is the wave’s speed?
A: v=fλ=5×3=15 m/sv = fλ = 5 \times 3 = 15\,m/sv=fλ=5×3=15m/s

Light Example
Q: Light moves from air (n=1.00) into water (n=1.33) at an angle of 45°. Does it bend toward or away from the normal?
A: Toward the normal.

I can write ~5–10 practice problems for each chapter if you’d like.

📖 Ch 16: Electric Forces and Fields

Q: What type of charge is transferred when objects become electrically charged?
A: Electrons.

Q: What type of electric charge does an atom’s nucleus have?
A: Positive.

Q: What charge does a balloon gain when rubbed in dry hair?
A: Negative.

Q: What happens to the electric force if one charge is doubled?
A: It doubles.

Q: What unit is used for electric field strength?
A: Newtons per Coulomb (N/C).

Q: How do electric force and gravitational force compare?
A: Both are field forces; but electric force can attract and repel.

📖 Ch 17: Electrical Energy and Current

Q: What is the rate of electric charge flow called?
A: Electric current.

Q: What is Ohm’s Law?
A: V=IRV = IRV=IR

Q: What is electrical power measured in?
A: Watts (W).

Q: What kind of current changes direction periodically?
A: Alternating current (AC).

Q: What is the potential difference across a 10 Ω resistor with a 3 A current?
A: 30 V.

📖 Ch 18: Circuits and Circuit Elements

Q: In a series circuit, how is current distributed?
A: The same everywhere.

Q: In a parallel circuit, what remains the same across each resistor?
A: Voltage.

Q: What is a short circuit?
A: A circuit without a load, presenting little resistance — dangerous.

Q: How does adding devices to a household parallel circuit affect voltage?
A: Voltage stays the same.

📖 Ch 19: Magnetism

Q: What happens when like magnetic poles meet?
A: They repel.

Q: What are magnetic domains?
A: Groups of aligned atomic spins.

Q: Where is a magnetic field strongest around a bar magnet?
A: At the poles.

📖 Ch 11: Vibrations and Waves

Q: What type of motion follows Hooke's Law?
A: Simple harmonic motion.

Q: What increases as a pendulum bob moves away from equilibrium?
A: Restoring force.

Q: What is the time for one full vibration called?
A: Period.

Q: What happens to wave speed if frequency increases in a uniform medium?
A: Wavelength decreases.

📖 Ch 12: Sound

Q: What type of wave is sound?
A: Longitudinal.

Q: What does pitch depend on?
A: Frequency.

Q: Where does sound travel fastest?
A: Solids.

Q: What causes the Doppler Effect?
A: A moving sound source or observer.

📖 Ch 13: Light and Reflection

Q: What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
A: 3.00×108 m/s3.00 \times 10^8\,m/s3.00×108m/s

Q: What happens when light reflects off a rough surface?
A: Diffuse reflection.

Q: In a flat mirror, how does object distance compare to image distance?
A: They’re equal.

📖 Ch 14: Refraction and Lenses

Q: What happens when light passes from a faster to a slower medium?
A: It bends toward the normal.

Q: What is the index of refraction formula?
A: n=cvn = \frac{c}{v}n=vc​

Q: What type of lens always produces a virtual image?
A: Diverging (concave) lens.

Q: What is total internal reflection?
A: When all light reflects back into a denser medium beyond the critical angle.

📖 Ch 12: Sound (continued)

Q: What is resonance?
A: When a force causes an object to vibrate at its natural frequency.

Q: What is the unit of sound intensity?
A: Decibel (dB).

Q: What is the threshold of human hearing in decibels?
A: 0 dB.

Q: What phenomenon occurs when two frequencies are close but not equal, producing beats?
A: Beats.

Q: How many nodes are present in a string vibrating at its fundamental frequency?
A: 2 (one at each end).

📖 Ch 13: Light and Color

Q: What are the three primary colors of light?
A: Red, green, and blue.

Q: What color do complementary colors of light combine to form?
A: White.

Q: What happens to illuminance if the distance from a light source is increased by a factor of 5?
A: It decreases by a factor of 25.

Q: What type of reflection occurs from a smooth surface?
A: Specular reflection.

Q: What is the law of reflection?
A: The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

📖 Ch 14: Refraction and Optical Phenomena

Q: What is dispersion?
A: The separation of light into colors based on wavelength.

Q: Which color bends the most when light passes through a prism?
A: Violet.

Q: What is the critical angle?
A: The angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs.

Q: What causes a mirage?
A: Refraction of light in layers of air with different temperatures.

Q: What is Snell’s Law used for?
A: Calculating the angle of refraction.

📖 Thin Lenses

Q: What kind of image does a converging lens produce if the object is beyond twice the focal length?
A: Real, inverted, and smaller.

Q: What is magnification (M) if the image is upright and virtual?
A: Positive.

Q: What is the thin lens equation?
A: 1f=1p+1q\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q}f1​=p1​+q1​