AP WORLD HISTORY

Governance

  • run managed or controlled in society (1200 -1945)

  • government changed from mainly non representative to representative. This means citizens gained more control over how their government would run. One of the most common forms of the governance in the 14th and 13th and centuries was the MONARCHY. a single person has or most of the power. Queen, sultan or emperor. By the 16 hundred.

  • Head of state (someone lead the power ) Prime minister (set of powers) republic = head of state (limited control + power)

  • In the USA the senate originally elected by state legislators then changed to voted by people of the public (by 20th century). Kept growing.

  • France alternated between republic and monarchy. French republic formed until Nazi took over then become rep again

  • Imperialism (expansion to a empire of a new territory. New power. Pushing out existence of governance of the people already living there. Most European imperialists thought creating civilized regions. Justified European expansion

  • Example is the British took control of the Indian subcontinent. Australia and eastern Africa. Some instances some empires used existing governance that was already in place. Another is Mongol empire took much India in 16th century. Areas already controlled by zamindars control their pieces of territory. When British took control in 19th century Used same arrangement. In 20th century empires began to fracture and colony’s became independent and own governance. Imperialism led to intermingling of cultures and people


cultural development and interactions

cross cultural exchange - when ideas are shared across different cultures

this happened through trade, war

1200-1450 - trade routes played a big role in cultural exchange. Silk road stretched from china across Europe and Africa. This helped exchange of culture, art, language, literature, food and religion.


Mostly by person to person interactions. i.e trader to trader

1300 Marco polo travelled the silk route to china.

printing press in the 1340s invented. Word of mouth led to inaccurate stories. Printing press made information accurate

Literacy spread around the world. Even the poor became illiterate

The Colombian exchange is an example of cross cultural change and trading. Magellan and Francis drake traded jewelry with indigenous people along the route

spread of empires often was the driver or had financed the exploration. society was forcing its own culture on another

Spains conquest in 1842 led to significant territorial expansion in the Americas, as they imposed their language, religion, and customs on indigenous populations, further exemplifying the dynamics of cultural exchange and conflict during this period. Spanish priest destroyed writing from indigenous.

cultural syncretism when u blend culture. Creole and mesijo culture. This has led to fusions of cultural known as multiculturalism. Others believed it will lead to loss of national identity.