AS

Abnormal Psych Test

Types of Psychological Perspectives

  • Neuroscience  - Study of how body and brain creates emotions, memories, and experiences

  • Evolutionary - Natural selection and genes

  • Cognitive: processing and understanding info

  • Behavioral: learn and unlearn things

  • Psychoanalytic: Controlled by unconscious mind

  • Socio-cultural: How behavior and thinking varies based on situations and culture

Causation DOES NOT EQUAL CORRELATION

Case study: when someone or something gets studied due to its uniqueness, so we can learn more about human behavior

Naturalistic Observation: when we study someone/something outside the lab and in the real world

Experimental Method

  1. Create Hypothesis from Theory

  2. Randomly select people from population

  3. Randomly assign people into groups

  4. Collect Data and Results

  5. Draw Conclusion and report it!

Deriving Hypothesis from Theory:

Theory: Set of assumptions/claims about two or more things

Hypothesis: specific testable question that comes from Theory

A Hypothesis needs an Independent Variable (Gets Manipulated) and Dependent Variable (thing that gets measured)

Randomly Select from Population:

Get Population and divide them into 2 groups randomly, one being the Experimental, and the other being Control

Experimental gets the Independent Variable

Control Group gets nothing

Compare Data between Control and Experimental

and create a conclusion based on your findings and report it!

Dorothea Dix: Advocated for patient and prisoner rights

Paradigms in Psychopatholgy

Paradigm:

  • Defines how to study subject

  • Determines how scientists gather data and analyze data

  • Influences what Scientists study

THE DSM

  • Lists symptomps for major mental illnesses

  • Info on how to diagnose

  • Reports rates of Occurance

    • DOES NOT GIVE INFO ON HOW TO TREAT OR HOW IT IS CAUSED

How to determine a Psychological Disorder

  • Atypical: Do a lot of people do it?

  • Disturbing: is it odd to other people

  • Maladaptive: Does it cause harm?

  • Unjustifiable: Is it rational?

    • Homosexuality was removed from the DSM, Cigarette Smoking is apart of the DSM

Categories of Psychological Disorders

  • Anxiety

  • Somatoform (body-based)

  • Dissociative (Seperate from mind/personality)

  • Mood

  • Schizophrenia

  • Personality

    Types of Paradigms:

  • Genetic

  • Neuroscience

  • Cognitive Behavioral

    Corrrelational Methods

    Cons:

  • Direction of Casuality: when two or more variables are related but we don’t know which causes which

  • Third Variable Problem: Correlation between 2 variables might be b/c of third or unexpected variable

Experiment: Best way to determine Causal Relationships

  • Manipulates Causal Factor (Independent Variable)

  • Measures effect (Dependent Variable)

  • Randomly assigns people with dif. conditions (Comparison Groups)

Ensures that the subjects behavior, would tell us how everyone else would behave

External Validity: results apply to real world.

Random Assignment ensures that gorups studied are identical

Provides Internal Validity: Likelihood that Independent Variable caused Change in behavior.

Placebo Effect: When something inactive causes a change of action

Con: Expectation causes reality

Solution: Blinding: Not telling the subject which group they’re in.