Jacob Marley

• was Scrooge’s business partner, also greedy and selfish

• dies before the story begins

• returns as a ghost in heavy chains

• chains represent his sins (greed and lack of kindness)

• warns Scrooge to change his ways

• explains the consequences of living only for money

• shows regret for how he lived his life

• tries to help scrooge avoid the same fate

• does not fully change but shows understanding and remorse

Key quotes:

• “I wear the chain i forged in life” - his punishment is caused by his own greedy actions

• “i made it link by link…yard by yard” - emphasises his suffering built up over time through his own choices

• “mankind was my business” - he realises he should have cared about helping people, not just money

• “ I am here tonight to warn you…” - he comes to help scrooge change

• “I cannot rest, I cannot stay, i cannot linger anywhere” - shows his eternal punishment and suffering