hunting marine mammals and sea birds
fishing → qutoas are set in biomass
fish for example produce millions of eggs and populations can rebound
hunting → quotas are set in individuals
marine mammals have long lifespans, late sexual maturity, and low reproductive output
this makes them vulnerable to even small increases in mortality
emotional, cultural, and political context
different examples are included to illustrate
public controversy
ethical dimensions
tension between tradition, substinence, and conservation
differences in public attitudes between whales/seals vs fish
modern threat to seabirds
pelagic seabirds
invasive species
bycatch
climate change
hunting/harvesting → hunting appears as a major threat
coastal seabirds
hunting/harvesting is among the top threats
also impacted by pollution, habitat changes
hunting is not the biggest threat globally, but remains significant in many regions