actor observer bias normative social influence Deindividuation social reciprocity norm Cognitive Dissonance Theory belief preserverence bystander effe

Actor-Observer Bias: The tendency to attribute one's own actions to external factors while attributing others' actions to their character.

Normative Social Influence: A form of social influence leading to conformity, where individuals change their behavior to fit in with a group.

Deindividuation: A psychological state characterized by a loss of self-awareness and decreased concern for social evaluation, often occurring in group settings.

Social Reciprocity Norm: The expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory: A theory suggesting that inconsistency among beliefs or behaviors creates discomfort, leading individuals to change their attitudes or beliefs to reduce the dissonance.

Belief Perseverance: The phenomenon where individuals hold onto their beliefs even when confronted with contradictory evidence.

Bystander Effect: The social psychological theory that individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.