Period Two Quiz Study Guide

  • Predestination
    • Proposed by John Calvin and adopted by Puritans
    • The idea that it has been determined before birth whether you are going to heaven or hell and you cannot change that
    • Men/women are sinful by nature
    • Only a few (the “elects”) will be saved from sin
    • God has known from the beginning who will be saved
    • Everyone must live a “pure” life
  • Antinominism
    • Proposed by Anne Hutchinson in 1634
    • The idea that the truly saved did not have to follow the laws of God or man
    • This was proposed at a prayer meeting in Hutchinson’s house in Boston
    • This would lead to anarchy if enough people followed it
    • Hutchinson was arrested and banished for her ideas
  • Mayflower Compact
    • Signed in 1620 aboard the Mayflower
    • A set of rules for self-governance for the Plymouth Colony that was the beginning of the modern democracy
    • Gave ordinary men more power than before
    • Freemen (landowners) could have a place in the church and could vote
  • New England Characteristics (must list 3)
    • Longer lifespan
    • Cool climate
    • Strong family unit
    • Very religious
    • High literacy rate
    • Unfit soil for farming - merchants, ship builders, fishermen, traders
  • Chesapeake Characteristics (must list 3)
    • Disease
    • Short life span
    • Men greatly outnumbered women
    • Cash crops - tobacco, rice
    • Slaves and indentured servants
    • Founded for economic reasons
    • Families are few
    • Poor education
    • Hot, humid climate
    • Fertile soil - more agriculture and “hard” work
  • Settlement of Georgia
    • Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733
    • Settlers mostly came from debtors prison
    • “Buffer colony”
    • Purpose to protect Carolina’s from the Spanish and the French
    • Military outpost / penal colony
    • Georgia persecuted Catholics
  • Settlement of Maryland
    • Founded by Lord Baltimore in 1634
    • 2nd Plantation Colony (cash crop tobacco)
    • 4th English Colony
    • Refuge for Catholics
    • 1st colony to grant religious toleration (still had death penalty for Jews and Atheist)
  • Pequot War
    • 1st major conflict between New England Puritans and the Indians
    • 1636 Puritans demand the Pequot tribe pay a heavy tribute in wampum, give up several of their children, and surrender a suspect accused of killing a trader
    • Pequots refuse Puritan demand - cause of war
    • As a result, Connecticut, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies declare war on Pequot Indians
    • New England colonies pressure other Indian tribes into helping
    • them (Mohegan and Narragansett)
    • With the help of the Mohegan and Narragansett, the Puritans attacked a large Pequot village and destroyed it and killed the women, children and old men who were in the village
    • War over in 1637 - Puritans killed or captured most of the remaining Pequots
    • This killing led to the praying towns, meant for converting rather than conquering
  • Praying Towns
    • Mostly located in Massachusetts
    • Began to appear in Massachusetts as a result of the Pequot War - attempt to convert the Indians
    • Indians who lived in Praying Towns had to give up all customs and dress; they had to become Puritan
    • Indians who lived in Praying Towns were kept under close surveillance
    • Praying Towns were rejected by most Indians ---those who lived in these towns were seen as traitors by other Indians
    • Most of the Indians who lived here were from weak bands of Indians ex: (Massachusetts and the Nipmuck)
  • King Philip’s War
    • One of the bloodiest wars in New England’s history
    • War named after Mettacom (who is Massasoit’s son and was called King Philip)
    • War starts in 1675 in Plymouth when the colonists seize and hang 3 Wampanog Indians for murdering a “praying town” Indian
    • Result ---UPRISING  --Wampanog Indians initially the only Indians fighting –then other tribes join in
    • Puritans responded to the attacks by attacking Indians (even tribes that were neutral)
    • Puritans saw it as their mission to destroy the Indians ---(Puritans even attacked the Praying Towns and slaughtered the Indians there.
    • The war turned in favor of the Puritans and what is left of the Pequot tribe and the Mohegan’s join in their fight against the Indians
    • Puritans begin to fight like Indians and win the war in 1677
    • Puritan philosophy – NO POW’s therefore prisoners were executed or sold into slavery