Untitled Flashcards Set

CHAPTER 6: Rise of Modern Science and Technology

New Philosophies

Logical Positivism a theory or statement is meaningful or useful only if it can verified or falsified through observation or experimenting

Pragmatism considers practical reasons, consequences, and real world effects of meaning and truth

Discovery of Radioactivity

Henri Becquerel demonstrated nuclear physics and understanding nuclear decay and concept of half-life

Invention of the Airplane

The Wright Brothers Orville and Wilbur made long distance more feasible

Was used in reconnaissance, bombing, and transport during WW1 and 2

Development of Automobile

Bicycle Mechanics by John Frank and Charles Duryea developed first gasoline automobile

Won First American Car Race

Henry Ford introduced Model T and innovated mass-production techniques

“The Big Three” – Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler dominated automobile industry

Willys developed the “quad” four-wheel drive system

Quantum Mechanics

Phenomena on a small scale such as molecules, atoms, and subatomic particles like electrons and photons

Heisenberg principle the more precise the values of the particles, the less precise of the other

Antibiotics “Magic Bullets” against disease

Paul Enrich “magic bullets” refer to antibiotics’ unique ability to target disease without harming the host

First Effective Syphilis Drug

Alexander Flemming discovered penicillin

Radar and Sonar

Radar uses electromagnetic waves

Sonar uses acoustic waves

Helped detecting obstacles and object – improving navigation

Heinrich Hertz developed the concept of radar due to electromagnetic radiation experiments

John Randall and Harry Boot invented the cavity magnetron which improved radar accuracy

Paul Langevin and Constantin Chilowsky developed the “hydrophone” to detect icebergs

Electricity Development: Allesandro Volta, Michael Faraday, and Benjamin Franklin

Nuclear Fission by Otto Hahn

First Nuclear Fission Reaction Enrico Fermi

First Nuclear Power Plant in Idaho

First Geothermal Power Plant in New Zealand

Modern Computer Science

Alan Turing “father of modern computer science”

Developed the Turing Machine uses the fundamental logical principles of the digital computer

The Manhattan Project

Harness nuclear energy in a safe way

Developed first atomic bombs used in WW2 – Hiroshima and Nagasaki

First large-scale government funded research

Size of the Universe

Development of the Big Bang theory

Study of dark matter and dark energy

General Relativity: Albert Einstein to understand gravity – universe is expanding

Extragalactic Redshift: Vesto Slipher detected redshift in light from galaxies – moving away from us

Hubble’s Observations: Edwin Hubble – galaxies are moving away from us at speeds same/proportional to their distance (HUBBLE’S LAW)

MODERN PIONEERS

Marie Sklodowska Curie: contributions to radioactivity – Radium and Polonium

Albert Einstein: his theory of relativity and equations E=mc

Alexander Fleming: discovered penicillin and started antibiotic revolution

Werner Karl Heisenberg: contributed to Quantum Mechanics – reconciled with classical physics

Lunis Paulin: understanding of chemical bonding – solved how atoms bond to form molecules

Alan Mathison Turing: father of modern computer science – solved problem of creating a general-purpose computer

Oswald Theodore Avery: American bacteriologist – ascertain that DNA is responsible for Heredity

Niels Bohr: contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory

Ernest O. Lawrence: worked on nuclear physics and invention of cyclotron – first particle accelerator

Ernico Fermi: created first nuclear reactor and developed statistical mechanics, qu

antum theory, nuclear and particle physics

Robert H. Goddard: