Study Notes on Citing Accurately

Citing Accurately

Overview of Citation Styles

  • Citing sources is essential in academic writing to connect your work with the wider discourse surrounding your topic.
  • Different citation styles have specific formats and guidelines for in-text citations.

In-Text Citations in Different Styles

MLA Style for Paraphrase
  • Research indicates that awareness of clothing production processes and their repercussions on people and the environment increases consumer inclination towards slow fashion or sustainable clothing (Hiller-Connell 303).
APA Style for Paraphrase
  • In APA format, the in-text citation should consist of the author’s last name followed by the publication year. Page references are added for direct quotes from paginated sources.
  • Example: Darwin’s principle of divergence has been proposed as an explanation for personality differences among siblings (Sulloway, 1996).
APA Style for Quoting a Source
  • When quoting a source, include the author’s last name, publication year, and a page number.
  • Example: Darwin theorized that “given enough time, species tend to evolve multiple forms that diverge in character, a process called adaptive radiation” (Sulloway, 1996, p. 85).
Chicago Author-Notes Style
  • In Chicago style, citations are indicated with a superscript number that corresponds to footnotes or endnotes.
  • Reference details can be found in Chapter 20.
CSE Citation-Sequence or CSE Citation-Name Style
  • In CSE format, uses a superscript number for in-text citations, relating to a list of references at the end of the document.
  • Examples and details are included in Chapter 21.

Purpose of Citing Sources

  • Citing sources not only adds credibility to your work but also engages your audience in the conversation between your work and the cited sources.
  • It's important to include different types of engagement with sources:
    • Quotations: Directly quoting someone else’s work.
    • Paraphrases: Restating information from sources in your words.
    • Summaries: Condensing the main ideas of a source.
  • Additionally, information that is not common knowledge must also be cited to maintain academic integrity.
  • Each citation should clearly indicate where the use of the source material begins and ends.

Student Model Examples

  • The following student models illustrate proper citation practices:
    • Isabel Beck, “Fast Fashion” (ch. 18), pp. 387–400.
    • Robyn Worthington, “Nature versus Nurture” (ch. 19), pp. 435–43.