Notes on Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

The Current State of ICT

  • Complex Interactions: The interaction between technology and human society is evolving as we enter the digital era.
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Encompasses technologies that enhance communications such as broadcast media and networking.

Web Generations

  • Web 1.0:
  • The first generation of the Internet pioneered by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.
  • Focused on static websites and original web protocols.
  • Web 2.0:
  • Transition occurred over the last 15-20 years allowing for user-generated content and interactive applications.
  • Driven by social networks and various tools enhancing online interaction.
  • Web 3.0:
  • Represents the next evolution focusing on decentralization, open-source, and machine learning.
  • Seeks to store data across multiple locations to enhance security and relevance.

Convergent Technologies

  • Definition: Integration of multiple independent technologies into a new device.
  • Example: Smartphones combine telecommunication, photography, media, and navigation functions.
  • Characteristics:
  • Perform multiple functions for blended purposes.
  • Utilize data in various formats to improve user experience.
  • Interconnected with other devices for universal access.

Social Use

  • Connection through Social Media:
  • Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube facilitate global interaction.
  • Aim for speedy communication and community engagement.

Assistive Technology

  • Purpose: Supports individuals with disabilities for communication and learning.
  • Examples:
  • ChromeVox: A screen reader for Chrome.
  • Capti: Converts documents to speech and assists with audio content.
  • Speech-to-text and magnifier apps aid those with hearing and visual impairments.

Online Systems and Platforms

Online Marketplaces
  • Key Features: Connects sellers and buyers facilitating e-commerce (e.g., Lazada, Foodpanda).
  • Advantages:
  • 24/7 business operations with reduced marketing costs.
  • Convenience of shopping from home and price comparison.
Search Engines
  • Function: Web-based tools to retrieve specific online information.
  • Examples: Google, Yahoo!, Bing.
  • Process:
  • Crawling: Automated processes find new websites and links.
  • Indexing: Analyzing and organizing data for quick recall.
  • Searching: Using NLP to interpret user queries.
  • Ranking: Algorithms prioritize search results based on relevance and quality.
Creative Content Outlets
  • Types of Media Used:
  • Blogs: Platforms such as WordPress for sharing insights.
  • Videos: Engaging through platforms like YouTube.
  • Infographics: Visual data representation suitable for marketing and education.
Communication Platforms
  • Purpose: Enhance collaboration and communication across distances.
  • Examples:
  • Microsoft 365: Includes Teams, OneDrive, and Office for productivity.
  • Google Workspace: Offers productivity and collaboration tools.
  • Dropbox: Facilitates sharing and managing files efficiently.

Online Safety and Security

Online Safety Tips
  1. Trust Caution: Be wary of online connections to prevent disclosing sensitive data.
  2. Limit Information Sharing: Be judicious in sharing personal details online.
  3. Verify Websites: Always check the legitimacy of links before transactions.
  4. Link Caution: Avoid clicking on unknown shortened links.
Online Security Measures
  1. Password Security: Use strong passwords and avoid personal information.
  2. Multi-factor Authentication: Adds layers of security beyond passwords.
  3. Anti-virus Software: Detects and prevents virus infections.
  4. Backup Storage: Keep copies of files to safeguard against data loss.

Online Etiquette

Principles of Online Behavior
  1. Tone Awareness: Maintain a proper tone in all conversations to avoid misunderstandings.
  2. Proofread Messages: Check communications for accuracy before sending.
  3. Respect Privacy: Never infringe on others' privacy or engage in hacking.
  4. Preparation for Meetings: Ensure technical setups are correct and minimize distractions.
  5. Avoid Misinformation: Validate information before sharing.