Conditions

• Cramped

• Overcrowded

• Lodging homes - 8 hour shifts, no cleaning

• 38 homes with 143 rooms with 298 people

Peabody Estate

• In 1865, death rate was 50 out of 1000 - double rest of London

• In 1881, 287 flats were built which were better quality - brick (less lice), ventilation

• But higher rent, meant too expensive for most people

• So more overcrowding for poorest people

Workhouses

• strict rule - food, sleep, work

• Families split up

• 60 beds in a casual ward- harsh rules

• Work - e.g. picking Oakum

Flower & Dean Street

• Well known rookery

• 1871 census - 902 lodgers in 31 doss houses

• 16 feet wide streets

• Often moving

• In 1873, 188.6 people per square foot

• In 1873, 25.6 square foot per person

• (Rest of London was 45 people per square acre)

Criminal Underclass

residuum - a natural criminal

attracted to hard workers - middle/upper class

Lodging Houses and Pubs

Andrew Mearns - overcrowding/unhealthy living conditions causes spread of criminal behaviour

Living close with criminals

Drink

coping method

more aggressive/less aware causes more crimes

Immigration

Irish and Jews from Eastern Europe

Irish wanted English out so may caused dome terrorist attacks

30,000 Russian Jews settled in 10 years

Found hard to integrate - language/culture

Worked in sweat shops

Segregated communities made target for prejudice

Socialism and Anarchism

Different political ideas from immigrants

Targeted for religion - Irish Roman Catholics

Russian revolution ideas - anarchism (better without laws / government) e.g. International Worker’s Educational Club

Jews blamed for Ripper murders