vocabulary monosaccharides,disaccharides 1

monomer :a small molecule that is a single unit of a larger molecule called a polymer polymer a long-chain molecule made up of many smaller, repeating monomer units joined together by chemical bonds

macromolecule:  a very large molecule often formed by polymerisation

 starch: a long-chain polymer formed of glucose monomers

sucrose: a sweet-tasting disaccharide formed by the joining of glucose and fructose by a 1,4-glycosidic bond

glucose :a hexose sugar 

monosaccharide: a single sugar monomer

disaccharide: a sugar made up of two monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond, formed in a condensation reaction

polysaccharide: a polymer consisting of long chains of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds 

triose sugar :a sugar with three carbon atoms 

pentose sugar: a sugar with five carbon atoms 

ribose: a pentose sugar that is part of the structure of RNA 

deoxyribose: a pentose sugar that is part of the structure of DNA

deoxyribonucleic: acid (DNA) a nucleic acid that is the genetic material in many organisms ribonucleic acid: (RNA) a nucleic acid which is the genetic material in some organisms and is involved in protein synthesis

hexose sugar: sugar with six carbon atoms

Isomers: molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular structures condensation reaction a reaction in which a molecule of water is removed from the reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them

glycosidic bond: a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction. which can be broken down by a hydrolysis reaction to release the monosaccharide units 

reducing sugars: sugars that react with blue Benedict's solution and reduce the copper(II) ions to copper(1) ions giving an orangey-red precipitate

non-reducing sugars: sugars that do not react with Benedict's solution