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Intelligence: Definition and OverviewIntelligence is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. Spearman's general intelligence (g) underlies all mental abilities, suggesting a small general factor, though Gardner and Sternberg propose multiple kinds of intelligence.

Theories of Intelligence

• Spearman and Thurstone: Thurstone identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities; correlations among them indicate a general intelligence factor (g).

• Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences: Proposes multiple independent intelligences, such as verbal and mathematical, supported by cases like savant syndrome.

• Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: Defines three intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical.

Criticism & Considerations

• Factor analysis supports g, which predicts performance on complex tasks. Traits like conscientiousness also contribute to success; engagement with the '10-year rule' emphasizes the need for extensive practice for expertise.

• Jay Zagorsky's study shows a moderate correlation (+30) between intelligence and income.

Emotional Intelligence: Comprises four components: perceiving, understanding, managing, and using emotions.

Comparing Theories:

• Spearman’s g: Basic intelligence predicts diverse abilities but may not encapsulate all.

• Thurstone’s abilities: Detailed categorization, suggesting a g factor.

• Gardner’s intelligences: Broadens intelligence definition; some classifications remain debated.

• Sternberg’s theory: Predictive of real-world success; some overlaps among domains.

• Emotional intelligence: Underlines social intelligence's importance, with implications for success and well-being.