Amendments and Court Cases #1
6th Amendment
- Guarantees the right to a lawyer, even if you can’t afford one, and the right to a speedy trial (Gideon v. Wainwright).
8th Amendment
- Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
5th Amendment
- Protects against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and ensures due process (Miranda rights).
16th Amendment
- Gives the federal government the power to collect income taxes from individuals and businesses.
Marbury v. Madison
- Established the principle of judicial review.
19th Amendment
- Granted women the right to vote.
Plessy v. Ferguson
- Established the doctrine of "separate but equal."
Brown v. Education
- Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.
4th Amendment
- Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures; requires a warrant.
23rd Amendment
- Gives Washington, D.C. residents the right to vote in presidential elections.
15th Amendment
- Guarantees the right to vote regardless of race or color.
14th Amendment
- Ensures equal protection under the law and grants citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the U.S.
18th Amendment
- Prohibited alcohol, marking the beginning of Prohibition.
21st Amendment
- Repealed the 18th Amendment (no alcohol).
Mapp v. Ohio
- Established that evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court (exclusionary rule).
7th Amendment
- Guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil cases where the controversy exceeds a certain amount.
13th Amendment
26th Amendment
- Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
Roe v. Wade
- Recognized the right to abortion under the right to privacy.
Tinker v. Des Moines
- Protected students’ free speech in schools as long as it does not disrupt the educational process.