The Respiratory System

Breathing is the mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs; Respiration is the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the cells and the organs. 

  1. There are two types of respiration; internal respiration and external respiration

    1. Respiratory system is important since breathing is important; oxygen is needed in the body since the organs need it to survive. The cells need oxygen in order to function and renew. Moreover, its important since you let out carbon dioxide; removing the waste inside your body. 

Basic notes

  • Water is also released in the respiratory system

The process in which the cells use oxygen to function; they need to release carbon dioxide which also releases H2O as in water vapor. 

  • Metabolism is the process of how fast a body digests food.

 

Internal & External Respiration

External respirations happens inside the lungs and its when an exchange between the air coming from outside (atmosphere outside) and the blood takes place.

Internal respirations is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body organs. 

Questions

What is the difference between internal and external respiration?

The difference between internal and external respiration is internal respiration is between the body and the blood while external respiration is between the atmosphere and the blood

What is the difference between the air inhaled and the air exhaled? 

The air inhaled is oxygen (O2) while the air exhaled is carbon dioxide (CO2)

Explain how are the circulatory and respiratory system related

The respiratory system gives the body oxygen; this oxygen is transported through the blood which is used by the circulatory system; blood is a part of the circulatory. 

Air pathway

There are small fragments that are found inside the nose; their job is to filter the air before it goes in; this is why its important to breath through the nose. 

The process starts with the nasal cavity; air is filtered and then travels through the Pharynx. 

You choke when your eating because small fragment of food gets stuck in the Pharynx. You cannot breath and eat at the same time; however, sometimes it happens since the body needs oxygen.

The Larynx it is the path of air. The difference between Pharynx and Larynx is that the Pharynx separates the path of air and the path of food

The trachea is the extension of the Larynx. It is found between the lungs. After the trachea; it goes into small parts called the Bronchus where they then travel into smaller parts called Bronchiole. It gets smaller and smaller as you move through the path. 

The Diaphragm is a muscle located under the lungs; its role/job is to make and allow the lungs to inflate and deflate. 

When it contracts, the lungs inflate so we inhale. When it relaxes, the lungs deflate so we exhale. 

Inhale = lungs inflate 

Exhale = lungs deflate 

The diaphragm and the lungs work in opposites; as the lungs get bigger when inhaling, the diaphragm gets smaller to get oxygen. However, as the lungs get smaller when exhaling, the diaphragm gets bigger to occupy the space.

Inhale —> lungs get bigger —> diaphragm gets smaller

Exhale —> lungs get smaller —> diaphragm gets bigger

When you inhale, the lungs inflate to take as much air needed; but when you exhale the lungs deflate, forcing the air out. 

  • Smoking affects the lungs and respiratory system as the order of inhaling and exhaling gets confused as the body shouldn’t be taking in those type of chemicals.

Smoking is the inhalation of carbon dioxide. 

When a person smokes, they inhale carbon dioxide instead of oxygen; confusing the body and respiratory system’s job.

  

Disorder

Disorder is something that is wrong; something that shouldn’t be happening but it is happening anyways.

Asthma is a type of disorder, a problem inside the path of the air. The amount of air entering through is extremely small which is when you need an inhaler. 

Lung cancer is another type of disorder, 

People get cancer because they have something called mutation. 

Mutation happens when one part of the dna moves out and another part comes in. This sequence could be a sequence of cancer. People do chemo therapy because the production of white cells are too late to stop it now. 

Bronchitis is very common around people; its a common type of flu. However, it is a bit more severe. The pathway of the air is contaminated and gets inflated.

Rib Cage + Diaphragm

The picture shows the relation between inhalation and exhalation and the rib cage with the diaphragm. 

The red muscle is the diaphragm and the bone-like figure are the ribs.

During inhalation, as shown in the picture the diaphragm is becoming smaller because the lungs need more space.  

During exhalation, the diaphragm is becoming larger because the lungs need less space; the let out of carbon dioxide is taking place.

The role of ribs is to protect the heart and the lungs because they are very important organs; its job is to protect the heart and lungs. 

Stimuli

Stimuli is an action and a reaction; it is the process in which something provokes a function or a reaction. 

For example; if someone is explaining in class and you see someone falling asleep; you would stimulate a reaction to wake that person up and answer the question. 

The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood stimulus the brain; it sends a message to the brain to remove the carbon dioxide and inhale oxygen.

The brain is connected to the respiratory system. The brain is important since it controls and performs a reaction which is the inhalation and exhalation of gases; it sends a message to perform the reaction / action.

The brain is going to get a stimulus in the high amount of carbon dioxide in the blood which would send a message or signal to the respiratory system; making you exhale. 

Questions 

1- What is the relation between the brain and the respiratory system 

The relation between the brain and the respiratory system is that it stimulates a reaction. The brain sends signals to the lungs to perform an action which is the inhalation and exhalation of gases (carbon dioxide / oxygen). 

2- What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system

The role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system is to inflate and deflate in inhalation and exhalation.