Module 1: Power Supply - Batteries & Fault Finding

Focuses on fault finding techniques and fundamentals related to DC power supplies and battery systems.
Encompasses cell classification, diagnostic and testing instrumentation, charging methods, and practical advantages of direct current storage units.

Lead Acid Cells: Secondary rechargeable energy storage cells that use lead plates and electrolyte.
Nickel Cadium Cells: Secondary cells using nickel hydroxide and cadmium compounds as electrodes (spelled as Nickel cadium cells).
Alkaline Cells: Primary or secondary battery cells utilizing an alkaline electrolyte (such as potassium hydroxide).

Voltmeter: Instrument used to measure terminal voltage and electrical potential difference across cells.
Ammeter: Instrument used to measure current flow during battery charge or discharge testing.
Hydrometer: Specialized instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquid electrolytes (such as sulfuric acid in lead-acid cells) to evaluate state of charge.
Cadmium Testing Electrode: Reference testing electrode inserted into electrolyte to measure individual plate potentials within a cell.
Zinc Testing Electrode: Reference testing electrode used for evaluating cell plate status and chemical conditions.

Constant Current Charging: Charging method in which a steady, fixed electrical current is applied to the battery throughout the charging cycle while terminal voltage varies.
Constant Voltage Charging: Charging technique where a steady voltage is maintained across the battery terminals, causing current flow to taper off as the battery reaches full charge.
Current-Voltage Control Charging: Hybrid charging regime that limits initial current and regulates final voltage to safely charge the battery without overheating or overcharging.
Fast Charging: High-current charging technique engineered to restore electrical capacity within a significantly shortened timeframe.
Boost Charging: High-rate charging applied for a short duration to rapidly boost charge state or equalize cell potentials.

Portable Source of Electric Power: Enables mobile and standalone power operation without dependency on continuous AC main connections.
High Short-Term Power Delivery: Can provide large amount of power for a short period of time.
Low-Rate Extended Recharging: Can be recharged at a low rate for an extended amount of time to ensure long service life and safety.
Reliability: Highly reliable power source under stable operational conditions.
Pure DC Output: Functions as a source of pure DC for laboratory use, providing smooth continuous voltage free from ripple noise or rectification artifacts.