AP Psychology Unit Five Notes

Health Psychology: Addresses issues of physical health and wellness as they relate to behaviors and mental processes.
Stress: Understands stress as it applies to behavior and mental processes, including reactions to stress and coping mechanisms.
Positive Psychology: Explores positive subjective experiences and how they relate to behavior and mental processes.
Psychological Disorders: Defines behaviors as disorders through various psychological perspectives and interaction models, and lists symptoms and causes of several disorders, including:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
- Dissociative Disorders
- Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
- Feeding and Eating Disorders
- Personality Disorders

Psychotherapy: Involves psychological techniques in interactions aimed at overcoming difficulties or achieving personal growth.
Biomedical Therapy: Uses prescribed medications and procedures to act directly on physiology.
Eclectic Approach: Combines techniques from various therapies for patient treatment.
Ethical Principles: Psychologists must adhere to ethical guidelines like nonmaleficence, fidelity, integrity, and respect for rights and dignity as established by the APA.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Treats Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, OCD by restructuring negative thought patterns and behavioral experiments.
- Key Techniques: Exposure techniques, Cognitive restructuring.
Exposure Therapy: Used for Phobias and PTSD, involves systematic desensitization and exposure.
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): Targets Depression, Dysthymia, and Eating Disorders by improving interpersonal skills.

Psychoanalysis: Founded by Sigmund Freud, aims to uncover unconscious conflicts through techniques like:
- Free association
- Dream interpretation
Resistance and Transference: Challenges in therapy where patients block anxiety-laden material or misplace feelings toward the therapist.

Applies learning principles to eliminate unwanted behaviors. Techniques include:
- Classical Conditioning: Encountering fears through exposure therapy or systematic desensitization.
- Operant Conditioning: Using rewards and punishments to modify behaviors (e.g., token economies).

Cognitive Therapy: Focuses on changing negative thought patterns.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness practices for emotional regulation.

Client-Centered Therapy: Developed by Carl Rogers, focuses on self-fulfillment through therapeutic techniques that encourage insight and acceptance.

Group Therapy: Provides benefits through interaction but may have disadvantages such as less individual attention.
Family Therapy: Addresses issues in the context of family dynamics.

Social Influence Theory: Hypnosis seen as a social interaction rather than a distinct state.
Dissociation Theory: Suggests hypnosis creates a split in consciousness for suggestion responsiveness.

Medications: Includes antipsychotics, anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers.
Procedures: Includes ECT, TMS, and psychosurgery to treat severe mental disorders.
Tardive Dyskinesia: Potential side effect from long-term antipsychotic use, characterized by involuntary movements.

Deinstitutionalization: Movement to integrate mental health patients into the community instead of long-term facilities.
Evidence-Based Interventions: Focus on scientifically supported treatment plans for effective outcomes.
Therapeutic Alliance: The bond between therapist and client influencing treatment effectiveness.
Nonmaleficence: Ethical principle that ensures no harm is done to the patient during treatment.