EXAM Prep (9)

Feedback on Reading Templates & Exam Preparation

  • Reading templates were designed to help students learn how to critically read the material by asking questions.

  • Multiple-choice questions created by students are for their own practice in thinking about the material from an examination perspective.

Week 2 Template: Schrader et al. (Poster)

  • Most students did a good job, though some posters were awkward or crammed with information.

  • Ensure you understand that it's the bacteria that change, not the human being, in response to antimicrobial medications.

  • Schroeder et al. combined all the determinants of health, so expect exam questions related to that topic.

Braveman and Gottlieb Reading: Causes of Causes (Social Determinants)

  • The paper provides multiple perspectives on the relationship between social determinants of health and other determinants.

  • It's important to understand the primary key points from the paper.

Week 4: Comparison of Lancet Editorials

  • Editorials are opinion-based and may not always be based on evidence.

  • The task was to compare opinions presented in the editorials.

  • Answers are expected to be similar, differing mainly in personal language and style.

Critical Analysis Assessments

  • Assessments are being marked thoroughly, with multiple readings, comments, and moderation sessions to ensure fairness.

  • Moderation involves cross-checking classifications and debating high distinction and failed papers.

Week 5: Camelini Lekuguet (Ebola)

  • The lecture covered COVID-19 and Ebola, and students' thoughts on Australia 2025 and infectious diseases.

  • Assessments focus on translating information to the current context and applying knowledge.

Rural Health Component

  • Included a guest lecture from Sally and a tutorial on rural health in Indonesia to provide a broader perspective.

  • The aim was to compare rural and urban health in different systems and countries.

Cura Cloud & Close the Gap Documents

  • The Cura Cloud material is examinable, focusing on what is currently available.

  • The Close the Gap documents were given to make progressive comparisons over time and to see whether anything had changed or how governments write reports about health and achievement or lack of achievement or problems or challenges.

  • The goal was to analyze change over time in the indigenous health arena.

Health System Material

  • Week 10 and cross checking across the range to see the consistency of your performance to ensure that major skills are understood.

Week 10/11 Quiz

  • The quiz will be in class on tomorrow and Wednesday, covering weeks 6-9.

  • It will consist of 30 multiple-choice questions in the same format as the first quiz.

  • If you missed the quiz, email to report it and schedule a make up exam.

Upcoming Tutorial

  • A lecture inside the tutorial will deal with migration (non-refugee).

Next Week

  • Part of the lecture time will be dedicated to a revision session with hints.

  • The tutorial will include a practice exam with short answer questions.

Final Exam Format

  • 60 multiple-choice questions and 4 short answer questions in a two-hour slot.

  • 15 minutes of reading time, followed by 60 minutes for multiple choice and 60 minutes for short answers.

  • Paragraph format is expected, however dot points will be accepted if you're running out of time.

Refugee Health Lecture by Chris Phillips

Historical Context & Colonel White

  • Colonel White, an Australian representative, stated at the Evian conference in 1937 that Australia did not want to import racial problems by accepting Jewish refugees.

  • This reflects a historical fear of outsiders and migrants in Australia.

William Cooper

  • William Cooper, a Yorta Yorta elder, led the first Australian protest against the Nazi treatment of Jews, demonstrating early support for refugees.

Definition of a Refugee

  • Based on the UN's 1951 Convention on Refugees:

    • A person with a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, who is outside their country and unable or unwilling to seek protection there.

  • Missing Elements in the Definition:

    • Sexuality, gender identity, war, environmental catastrophes, and internally displaced persons are not explicitly covered.

  • Australia's Interpretation:

    • Australia interprets the convention more broadly, considering sexuality and gender identity, but not climate change or complete civilian collapse.

Convention Signatories

  • Many countries in the Middle East and South Asia have not signed the convention, meaning they have no obligation to protect refugees.

  • The closest place to these refugees might be Australia geographically.

Global Refugee Numbers

  • Approximately 90 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, about one in every 60 people.

  • Numbers are increasing due to entrenched conflicts in Syria, Ukraine, Palestine and Afghanistan.

Durable Solutions (UNHCR)

  • Repatriation: Returning to one's own country.

  • Local Integration: Becoming integrated into the country of refuge.

  • Resettlement in a Third Country: Being resettled in a third country (e.g., Australia, US, Canada).

Third Country Resettlement

  • Key Countries: Australia, US, and Canada are the major third-country resettlement countries.

  • Australia resettles about 18,750 identified places a year, potentially increasing to 25,000.

Australia's Pioneering Initiatives (and Criticisms)

  • Permanent Immigration Detention: Controversial practice.

  • Offshore Processing: Sending asylum seekers to other countries for processing (Nauru, Manus Island, Cambodia).

  • Long-Term Detention of Children: Criticized internationally.

  • Temporary Protection: Providing temporary protection with the possibility of later deportation.

  • Gagging Laws: Restricting workers in immigration from speaking out. Border Force Act.

  • Excising of Land: Preventing those landing on certain territories from claiming refugee status.

Challenges for Health Professionals

  • Standards non-existent for those contracted with prisons. Collegial guidelines may be substituted.

  • Chief Medical Officer for Joint Adverse Advisory Group. Important thing, you want to make sure that this person is trustworthy to manage quality or provide necessary oversight.

  • Auditing offshore services needs to continue with collection of evidence. Whistleblowers can face jail time potentially according to law.

  • Doctors gagged under Border Force Act.

    • Act really aimed at interpreters/security guards.

Ethical Questions for Health Workers

  • Fitness to Fly Assessment: Should you perform one on an asylum seeker about to be deported?

  • Informing Authorities: Should you inform authorities about an illegal immigrant seeking medical care?

  • Need decision must be made by individual health professional.

International Responsibility

  • Australia has a responsibility to speak out about its experiences with restrictive immigration policies.

Speaking Out vs. Working Within the System

  • A personal decision with no right or wrong answer.

  • Importance of moral voices within the system.

  • Choice between public advocacy and internal support.

Key Aspects of Refugee Health Work

*Mental Health: Addressing trauma and related issues.
*Communicable Diseases: Managing and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
*Law and Policy: Navigating the legal and policy aspects of refugee care.