Q2 - Poetic Terms

rhyme: similarity or likeness of sound existing between 2 words

end rhyme: rhyme at the end of 2 or more lines of verse

internal rhyme: rhyme between 2 or more words in the same line

masculine rhyme: occurs when one syllable of a word rhymes with another word

feminine rhyme: occurs when the last two syllables of a word rhymes with another word

triple rhyme: occurs when the last three syllables of a word or line rhyme

rhyme scheme: the pattern or sequence which the rhyme occurs

alliteration: repetition of the initial letter or sound in two or more words

onomatopoeia: use of a word to represent or imitate natural sounds

assonance: similarity or repetition of a vowel sound in two or more words

consonance: repetition of consonant sounds within a line of rhyme

refrain: repetition of one or more phrases or lines at intervals in a poem

repetition: reiterating of a word or phrase within a poem

simile: comparison between two usually unrelated things using like or as

metaphor: comparison between two usually unrelated things without like or as

personification: giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects, ideas, or animals

synecdoche: mentioning a part of something to represent the whole

metonymy: substitution of a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it

symbol: word or image that signifies something other than what it literally represents

allegory: narrative or description having a second meaning

overstatement: exaggeration for the sake of emphasis and is not to be taken literally

understatement: consists of saying less than one means

antithesis: balancing or contrasting of one term against another

apostrophe: addressing someone or something usually not present as though present

dramatic irony: discrepancy between what a character says/thinks to be true and what the reader knows

irony of situation: incongruity between actual circumstances and those that would seem appropiate

verbal irony: the opposite of what is said is meant

paradox: situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements

oxymoron: compact paradox

couplet: two-line stanza

triplet: three-line stanza

quatrain: four-line stanza

sestet: six-line stanza

septet: seven-line stanza

octave: eight-line stanza

stanza: division of a poem

heroic couplet: consists of two succesive rhyming verses with a complete thought

terza rima: three-line stanza for with an interwoven rhyme scheme

limerick: five-line nonsense poem with an anapestic meter

ballad stanza: consists of four lines with lines two and four rhyming

rime royal: stanza consisting of seven lines in iambic pentameter

ottava rima: consists of eight iambic pentamere lines

spenserian stanza: nine-line stanza consisting of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by an alexandrine

sonnet: fourteen-line stanza form consisting of iambic pentameter lines

pertarchan/italian sonnet: divided usually between eight lines called the octave and six lines called the sestet

english/shakespearean sonnet: composed of three quatrains and a concluding couplet

villanelle: five tercets and a quatrain in which the first and third lines of the opening tercet recur alternately at the end of the other tercets abd together as the last two lines of the quatrain

elegy: poem that mournds death or the absence of something deeply loved

lyric: most widely used type of poem

ode: exalted, complex rapturous lyric poem written about a dignifed subject

allusion: reference in literature or art to previous literature and events

antecedent: the word or phrase to which a pronoun refers

archetype: character, situation, or symbol that is familiar to people from all cultures because it occurs frequently in literature

caesura: pause withing a line of poetry that contributes to the rhyme of the line

connotation: associations a word calls to mind

enjambment: running over of a sentence from one verse or stanza into the next without stopping