Lesson 3 (Anh chuyên cô nga) Đề QN 24-25

B:Lexico-grammar

Part 1: Multiple choice

A: Thức giả định ‒> #[[4: Subjunctive (important) ]]

take the initiative (id) (ex:Don't be afraid to take the initiative and say what you think.)↔to be the first one to do something, esp. to solve a problem: (chủ động)

Fraud (n) (ex: Despite the convenience of online shopping or banking, there is internet fraud.)↔the crime of (or someone who) getting money by deceiving people (tội lừa đảo, /kẻ lừa đảo) (n)

Corruption (n) (ex: The corruption within the government led to widespread distrust among the citizens)↔illegal, bad, or dishonest behavior, especially by people in positions of power (sự hối lộ, sự tham nhũng) (n)

1: the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected (sự phá vỡ, sự gián đoạn) 2: the action of completely changing the traditional way that an industry or market operates by using new methods or technology (n) (sự đổi mới)↕

disruption (n)

(ex1:If there are no disruptions, the office renovations will be finished this week.)

ex2:The disruption of the industry help it escape from the edge of bankruptcy.

1: causing trouble and therefore stopping something from continuing as usual (gây rối) (adj) 2: new and original, in a way that causes major changes to how something is done (mang tính đột phá, đổi mới) (adj)↕

disruptive (adj)

ex:Having to temporarily move the offices proved to be very disruptive and sales decreased during that quarter.

ex2:Printing in 3D is a disruptive technology which may transform manufacturing.

Embezzlement (n) (ex: They were arrested for embezzlement of company funds)↔The crime of secretly taking money that is in your care or that belongs to an organization or business you work for (sự biển thủ, chiếm đoạt tài sản) (n)

Far-sighted (adj) (ex: Buying those shares was a very far-sighted move—they must be worth ten times their original value now.)↔Having good judgment about what will be needed in the future and making wise decisions based on this:) (nhìn xa trông rộng) (adj)

far-flung (adj) (ex:She has travelled to the most far-flung corners of the world.

)↔used to refer to places that are a great distance away, or something that is spread over a very large area: (bao la, rộng lớn) (adj)

far-off (adj) (ex:some point in the far-off future/ a far-off land)↔A ... place is a great distance away or A time that is ...., is a long time before or after the present: (xa xôi [thời gian/khoảng cách[) (adj)

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wear off (phr) (ex:The effect of the painkiller is wearing off and Rose begin to feel the soreness again)↔if a feeling or the effect of something wears off, it gradually disappears ((cảm giác; tác dụng) biến mất dần) (phr)

fade away (phr) (ex:The voices became louder and closer and then faded away again.)↔to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker (từ từ biến mất, mất đi tầm quan trọng hoặc trở nên yếu hơn) (phr)

look down on sb (phr) (ex:She looks down on people who haven't been to college.)↔to think that you are better than someone (coi thường ai) (phr)

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Monkey business (n) (ex: The teacher suspected that there had been some monkey business going on while she was out of the room.)↔Behaviour that is not acceptable, illegal, or dishonest (Hành xử ko chấp nhận đc)

Đảo ngữ trong CDK loại 3

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original: The work would have been completed if we had not been disturbed.

Modified (đảo ngữ CDK loại 3): The work would have been completed had we not been disturbed

anger idioms

hit the roof/ceiling (id) (ex:My mother hit the roof/ceiling when she came back home and found out I had forgotten to cook the rice.)↔to become extremely angry (cực kì tức giận) (id) = fly off the handle = get on one's nerves

get on one's nerves (id) (ex:Lottie! You're going to get on your sister's nerves if you keep behaving that way.)↔to annoy someone a lot: (làm ai đó khó chịu, bực mình) (id) = fly off the handle = hit the roof/ceiling

fly off the handle (id) (ex:I know you're upset, but there's no point flying off the handle like that. It was just an honest mistake.)↔to become uncontrollably angry; to lose control of one's temper (nổi cơn tức giận) (id) = hit the roof/ceiling = get on one's nerves

Had one's blood boiled (trong bài)

‒> Make one's blood boiled

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Get on one's nerves: Mild irritation or annoyance.

Make one's blood boil: Deep, simmering anger.

Fly off the handle: Sudden, uncontrolled outburst.

Hit the roof/ceiling: Intense, powerful outburst.

hit the wall (id) (ex:Every long-distance runner hits a wall at some stage.↔to reach a point when you cannot continue or make any more progress (đạt tới giới hạn) (id)

bring the house down (id) (ex:I went to see Tuấn Phong in concert last night - he really brought the house down.)↔to perform or entertain so successfully as to cause the audience to erupt in applause, laughter, or cheers for a long stretch of time (nhận đc sự cổ vũ từ khán giả) (id)

10:

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(just) one of those things (id) (ex:The road was blocked, so we missed the meeting - it was just one of those things.)↔said to mean that there was no way of planning to avoid something (ko thể tránh khỏi [do đen]) ; (ko thể giải thích đc) (id)

(only) a matter of time (id) (ex:It's only a matter of time before he's forced to resign.)↔if it I.... until something happens, it is certain to happen but you do not know when it will happen (sớm muộn gì cũng sẽ xảy ra ) (id)

1:in a high position and away from water, especially as it comes closer (cách xa mặt nước) 2:in a very difficult situation without any help (trong tình thế khó khăn, không được giúp đỡ)↕

high and dry (adj)

ex1:Even as the tide rolled in, the lifeguard sat high and dry in his chair.

ex2:The residents of the earthquake-torn city found themselves high and dry because the governor did not approve a disaster relief package.

Part 2: Find the mistake

11:

A: Reproduced ‒> reproducing (MDQK Rút gọn)

12:

C: It's ‒> their (vấn đề dịch thuật)

1: Meaning in this sentence: the people who are employed in a company, organization, or one of the armed forces (nhân sự, nhân viên) (n) ; 2:the department of a company or organization that deals with its employees when they first join, when they need training, or when they have any problems (phòng nhân sự) (N)↕

personnel (n)

Ex1: Upon reaching the destination, many of the personnel are expected to change their reservations and proceed to Hawaii

ex2:The personnel department is responsible for organizing training programs to enhance employee skills

13:

lỗi song hành (>)

Lỗi sai cấu trúc song hành trong câu văn cơ bản

Ví dụ 1:

Câu sai ngữ pháp: I like running, watching the sunset and learn new languages.

Câu đúng ngữ pháp: I like running, watching the sunset and learning new languages.

Nhận xét ví dụ sai: Trong quá trình viết ví dụ trên, khi phải liệt kê 2 hay trên 2 đối tượng ở phần bổ ngữa, các thành phần trong danh sách đã không giống nhau về cấu tạo ngữ pháp.

Ví dụ 2:

Câu sai ngữ pháp: John went on a two-week trip to explore culture and heritage in Hanoi, in Hue and Indonesia.

Câu đúng ngữ pháp: John went on a two-week trip to explore culture and heritage in Hanoi, Hue and Indonesia.

Nhận xét ví dụ sai: Tương tự như ví dụ 1, người viết đã không đảm bảo được tính giống nhau của các thành phần trong cụm giới từ chỉ địa điểm“ở Hà Nội, Huế và Indonesia”

Ví dụ 3:

Câu sai ngữ pháp: We all need good nutrition and to exercise on a regular basis.

Câu đúng ngữ pháp: We all need good nutrition and regular exercise.

Ví dụ 4:

Câu sai ngữ pháp: I like both to read books and watching movies.

Câu đúng ngữ pháp: I like both to read books and to watch movies.

Nhận xét ví dụ sai: Với ví dụ 3 và 4, trong quá trình sử dụng liên từ kết hợp (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet), người viết đã bỏ qua lưu ý rằng các từ, cụm từ hay mệnh đề được nối bởi những liên từ kết hợp này cũng cần có cấu tạo ngữ pháp tương đương.

D: To plant ‒> planting

Vì trc đó có are plowing ‒> Lỗi song hành

14:

The number of

Nghĩa: Chỉ Số lượng

Danh từ đếm được số nhiều

Động từ chia số ít

Ex: The number of wildlife habitat reserves HAS been established to save endangered species.

The amount of

Chỉ Số lượng

DT ko đếm được

Động từ chia số ít

The number of rice is increasing. (Sai ❌)

The amount of rice is increasing. (Lượng gạo ngày càng nhiều.) (Đúng ✅)

A number of

Nghĩa: Một vài, một số, nhiều,...

Danh từ đếm được số nhiều

Động từ chia số nhiều

Ex:A number of students were absent from class.

A quantity of↓

Nghĩa: Một vài, một số, nhiều,...

Danh từ ko đếm được

Động từ chia số ít

A number of water are needed for our body. (Sai ❌)

A quantity of water is needed for our body. (Một lượng nước là cần thiết cho cơ thể của chúng ta.) (Đúng ✅)

15:

noticeable ‒> unnoticeable (sai về ngữ nghĩa)

go +adj/P2→trở nên/bị (thường là trạng thái ko tốt)

Part 3: Word formation

16:

1: This sentence meaning: a calculation that has not been done correctly or the act of calculating something wrongly (sự tính toán sai) 2:a wrong judgment about a situation (sự nhận xét, đánh giá sai)↕

miscalculation (n)

Ex:1The project went over budget because of a miscalculation at the planning stage.

Ex2:The team's miscalculation of their opponents' strengths led to a surprising defeat

exhaust (wo formation)

1:to make someone extremely tired (làm kiệt sức, làm mệt lử) (v) 2: to use something completely (cạn kiệt) (v) 3:the waste gas from an engine, especially a car's, or the pipe the gas flows through (n) (khí thải)↕

exhaust (v,n)

ex1:John exhausted himself by swimming all day.

ex2:Many experts are concerned that if we continue to use petrol at the current rate, we will exhaust our natural reserves within the next 50 year

ex3:In a city, it's impossible to avoid breathing the exhaust cars giveoff.

exhaustive (adj) (ex:The search was exhaustive, covering nearly 100 miles and lasting five weeks, but no one could find any trace of the missing hikers. )↔complete and including everything (hết mọi khía cạnh, toàn diện ) (adj) =comprehensive = thorough

exhaustion (n) (ex:She felt ill with/from exhaustion.)↔A state of extreme physical or mental fatigue. (sự kiệt sức ) (n)

exhaustiveness (n) (ex:The exhaustiveness of her research impressed everyone.)↔the quality of being comprehensive in scope (sự cặn kẽ, chi tiết) (n)

exhausted (adj) (ex:By the time they reached the summit they were exhausted.)↔Drained of one's physical or mental resources; very tired. (kiệt sức) (adj)

exhaustively (adv) (ex:Every product must be exhaustively tested before being sold)↔in a way that is complete and includes everything (một cách) toàn diện) (adv) = comprehensively = thoroughly

exhaustible (adj) (ex:It is clear that many of the earth's resources are exhaustible)↔... supplies of something can be used completely so there are none left (có thể làm kiệt được, có thể làm cạn) (adj)

inexhaustible (adj) (ex:The sea is an inexhaustible resource, continuously providing food for the people that live nearby.)↔existing in very great amounts that will never be finished; very great (không bao giờ hết được, vô tận) (adj)

comprehensive (adj) (ex:She sent me a comprehensive list of the ingredients needed to cook rabbit soufflé.)↔complete and including everything that is necessary (bao quát; toàn diện) =exhaustive = thorough (adj)

comprehensively (adv) (ex:Every product must be comprehensively tested before being sold)↔completely; exhaustively; thoroughly (một cách) toàn diện) (adv)

all-inclusive (adj) (ex:An all-inclusive holiday is a holiday in which the price includes flights, transfers, accommodation, food and drink.)↔including everything, especially including the cost of all services that are offered (toàn diện, bao quát) (adj) = comprehensive = thorough = exhaustive

thorough (adj) (ex:The reporters were thorough in their coverage of the event. )↔detailed and careful (chi tiết, kỹ lưỡng) =comprehensive = exhaustive (adj)

thoroughly (adv) (ex1:Every product must be thoroughly tested before being sold) (ex2:I thoroughly enjoyed the performance↔1: in a detailed and careful way (một cách tỉ mỉ, cẩn thận, triệt để) =comprehensively = exhaustively (adv) 2:very much (một cách hoàn toàn, rất nhiều) ;entirely (adv)

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objective (adj) (ex:You have to find a disinterested person to ask for an objective judgement.)↔1:based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings (khách quan) =impartial = disinterested = unbiased (adj)

disinterested (adj) (ex:You have to find a disinterested person to ask for an objective judgement.)↔having no personal involvement or receiving no personal advantage, and therefore free to act fairly (công tâm, ko thiên vị) =objective = impartial = unbiased

unbiased (adj) (ex:Most people believe that this newspaper favours the government too much to provide an unbiased coverage of the election.)↔able to judge fairly because you are not influenced by your own opinions (không thiên vị) (adj) =impartial = objective = disinterested

biased (adj) (ex:Mrs. Smith says her daughter sings beautifully, but her opinion may be biased.)↔showing an unreasonable like or dislike for someone or something based on personal opinions (thiên vị) (adj)

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adverse (adj) (ex:Cigarettes, coffe, alcohol and other additives are known to have an adverse influence upon human health. )↔having a negative or harmful effect on something (có hại; có tác động tiêu cực)

1: not giving you an advantage or a good chance of success (không] có lợi ích; bất/ có lợi) ; 2: egative and showing that you do not like something (không] có thiện cảm)↕

(un)favourable (adj) (1,2) ; (un)favorable (1)

ex1:Current conditions are very (un)favorable for new businesses

Ex2:Of those surveyed, 62 % said they had an (un)favourable opinion of the president.

20:

detoxified (ta dùng bị động trong câu này [đc giải độc])

detoxify (v) (ex:Our bodies are naturally detoxified by our organs of elimination - the skin, lungsv, intestines, kidneys and liver)↔to remove harmful chemicals from the body or from something (giải độc)

1: (of alcohol or another drug) to make someone lose some control of their actions or behaviour (làm say [ rượu hoặc chất gây nghiện]) (v) ; 2: to make someone excited, happy, and slightly out of control (làm say sưa; làm say mê) (v)↕

intoxicate (v)

ex1:The strong aroma of the flowers seemed to intoxicate her senses.

ex2: I love the ocean so much that just its salty smell is enough to intoxicate me.

1: having lost some control of your actions or behaviour under the influence of alcohol or another drug (bị say) (adj) ; 2: feeling excited, happy, and slightly out of control (adj) (say sưa; say mê)↕

intoxicated (adj)

Ex1:She was charged with driving while intoxicated.

Ex2: Intoxicated by success, she wanted to go further.

1: (of a substance) able to make you lose some control of your actions or behaviour ([chất] gây say) (adj) ; 2:(of an experience, etc.) making you feel excited, happy, and slightly out of control (làm say sưa, làm say mê) (adj)↕

intoxicating (adj)

ex1:He was charged with two counts of using an intoxicating substance

ex2: an intoxicating thought.

C: READING

Part 1:

2: (Đ) Nghĩa 1

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3: S

1: (to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something (:hiểu được, nhận thấy, nhận thức); 2: (This sentence meaning) to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious (nhận thấy, nhận biết, cảm nhận)↕

perceive (v)

ex1: I perceive him to be a trustworthy person based on his actions.

ex2: Her keen ability to perceive emotions made her an excellent counselor.

1:to keep or continue to have something or to hold or contain st (giữ/cầm lại) (v) ; 2: to get the services of a lawyer by paying them before you need them (v) ) thuê↕

retain (v)

ex1:He struggled to retain control of the situation.

ex1.1: These plants will need a soil that retains moisture during the summer months.

ex2: Some individuals choose to retain a lawyer as a precautionary measure, ensuring they have legal representation readily available when neede

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1: containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts (tỉ mỉ, công phu; chi tiết) (adj) ; to add more information to or explain something that you have said (trau chuốt [văn], thêm chi tiết, thêm kĩ lưỡng...)↕

elaborate (adj, v)

ex1:They're making the most elaborate preparations for the wedding

ex2: He will elaborate on his ideas to provide more detail and clarity.

elaborately (adv) (ex:It was the most elaborately decorated cake - all sugar flowers and bows.)↔in a way that includes a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts (một cách tỉ mỉ, công phu, chi tiết) (adv)

1: to imagine something (nghĩ; tưởng tượng) (v) ; 2:to invent a plan or an idea (nghĩa ra (kế hoạch, ý tưởng)) (v) ; 3:to become pregnant, or to cause a baby to begin to form (thụ thai; mang thai) (v)↕

conceive (v)

ex1: When you're young, it's hard to conceive of life as an adult.

ex2: He conceived the plot for this film while he was still a student.

ex3: The baby was conceived in March, so will be born in December.

comply (v) (ex:He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply.)↔to act according to an order, set of rules, or request (tuân theo) (v)

5: đ

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earnest (adj) (ex:When I looked over, he was in earnest conversation with his father.)↔serious and determined, especially too serious and unable to find your own actions funny (nghiêm chỉnh, đứng đắn) (adj)

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conscience (adj) (ex:His conscience urged him to speak out against injustice.)↔the part of you that judges how moral your own actions are and makes you feel guilty about bad things that you have done or things you feel responsible for (lương tâm) (adj)

8: D (Recall)

Reminisce (v) (ex:We often reminisce about our childhood adventures during family gatherings.)↔to think, talk or write about a happy time in your past (nhớ lại, hồi tưởng lại) (v)

recall ‒> nhớ lại

Part 2: Fill in the gap with ONE word

rather than (phr) (ex:Heis a beginner and he wants to do the course for fun rather than for a qualification.)↔instead of; used especially when you prefer one thing to another (thay vì [vì bạn thích)) (phr)

10:

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lead to st (wo pattern) (ex:Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.)↔if an action or event leads to something, it causes that thing to happen or exist (dẫn đến kết quả là/gây ra) = result in st (wo pattern)

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engender (v) (ex:Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy.)↔to make people have a particular feeling or make a situation start to exist (gây ra) = lead to st = result in st (v)

give rise to st (idm) (ex:International support has given rise to a new optimism in the company.)↔= lead to st = result in st = engender (gây ra, dẫn tới) (id)

11:

without great expense ‒> ko tốn nhiều chi phí

12:

that/which

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finding/ discovering

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much/far + adj-er

more + adj

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Part 3-Part 4

Hết cứu

D: Writing

P1:Rewrite the sentence in a way that it means exactly the same as the original sentence.

Original sentence:

You should never let anyone know your credit card password

Rewrite: Under no circumstances should you let anyone know your credit card password.

Kiến thức A/D: Đảo ngữ (Inversion)

original sentence:

We were very impressed by the new cinema, but we found it rather expensive

Rewrite :Impressed as/though we were by the new cinema, we found it rather expensive.

KT A/D: concessive clause

Adj + as/though + S + be + clause (concessive clause)

Ex: Handsome as I am, I never get any attention from girls.

original sentence:

She was very relieved when she realized that her bag hadn't been stolen.

Rewrite: She breathed a sigh of relief when she realized that her bag hadn't been stolen.

(breath) a sigh of relief (id) (ex:She breathed a sigh of relief when she realized that her bag hadn't been stolen.)↔a feeling of comfort after worrying about something: (thở vào nhẹ nhõm) (id)

original sentence:

Yolanda's family persuaded her to enter the competition.

Rewrite: Yolanda was talked into entering the competition by her family (passive)

talk sb into/out of (doing) sth (id) (ex:I didn't want to move abroad but Bill talked me into it.) (ex 1.1: Yolanda was talked into entering the competition by her family)↔to persuade someone to do something (thuyết phục ai làm điều gì) = persuade sb to do (id)

original sentence:

Bill reckoned that the firm's success was due to the efforts of the managing director.

rewrite: Bill attributed the firm's success to the efforts of the managing director.

attribute st to st/sb (phr) (ex:Bill attributed the firm's success to the efforts of the managing director.)↔to say or think that something is caused by a particular thing or person: (quy điều gì cho ai/cái gì.) (phr)

Part 2: Complete the sentence using the word given.

Original sentence:

Olivia had nothing to do so she decided to see a movie Rewrite (END)↓

Oliva was at the loose end so she decided to see a movie

be at a loose end (id) (ex:Oliva was at the loose end so she decided to see a movie)↔to have nothing to do: (ko có việc để làm) (id)

original sentence:

His persistence finally paid off when she agreed to marry him. Rewrite (bore)↓

His persistence finally bore fruit when she agreed to marry him.

bear fruit (id) (ex:His persistence finally bore fruit when she agreed to marry him.)↔if something that someone does bears fruit, it produces successful results (đc đền đắp/hái quả ngọt) (id)

1: if something you have done ............. it is successful (:thành công, được đền đáp) (phr) 2:to finish paying money owed for something (trả hết nợ)↕

pay off (phr)

ex1:His persistence finally paid off when she agreed to marry him.

ex2: Finally he had paid off his creditors and could begin to save money.

original sentence:

The film script was very different from the novel it was based on. Rewrite (resemblance)↓

The film script bore no resemblance to the novel it was based on.

bear little/no resemblance to someone/something (phr) (ex:The film script bore no resemblance to the novel it was based on.)↔to be different to someone or something else (khác, ít điểm giống nhau) (phr)

original sentence:

He was finally able to adjust himself to the new working condition ; Rewrite (Swing)↓

He finally got into the swing of the new working condition.

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Lí do sai: Sai ngu, ko chia DT

10:

original sentence:

Sally became known throughout the country thanks to her popular TV series ; Rewrite (Household)↓

Sally became a household name thanks to her popular TV series.

household name (n) (ex:Sally became a household name thanks to her popular TV series.)↔a famous person that most people know of: (cái tên [người] quen thuộc/ai cũng bt) (n)