Root | Meaning | Example(s) |
Abdo | abdomen | Rectus Abdominus, Transverse Abodominus |
Acou | Hearing/sound | Acoustic Neuroma, acoustic nerve |
Adren | Adrenal Gland | Adrenocortical hormone, adrenal cortex |
Aden | Gland | adenoma, adenitis |
Aer | Air/Gas | anaerobic, aerosal |
Algesi | Pain | Analgesia, Analgesics |
Amyl | Starch | amyloid plaques, Amylase |
Andr | Male | Androgens, androgenic alopecia |
Aort | Aorta | Aortic valve, |
Arthr | Joint | Arthritis, Arthralgia |
Articul | Joint | Articulitis |
Bio | Life | Biology, biopsy |
Bil | Bile | Bile ducts, umbilical cord |
Brachi | Arm | Bicep Brachii, Tricep Brachii, Brachioradialis |
Calc | Calcium | Calcaneus, hypercalcaemia |
Carcin | Cancer | Carcinogen, adenocarcinoma |
Cardi | Heart | Cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy |
Carp | Carpals | Metacarpals, carpal tunnel |
Celi | Abdomen | celiprolol, mycelia |
Cephal | Head | encephalitis, encephalopathy |
Cerebr/Enceph | Brain | Cerebral, cerebrospinal fluid |
Chondr | Cartilage | Achondroplasia, endochandral ossification |
Coron | Heart | Coronary thrombosis, coronary arteries |
Cost | Ribs | corticosteroids, costeroid therapy |
Crani/Ceph | Head | cranium, cranial nerve, craniotomy |
Cyan | Blue | cyanosis, congenital cyanotic heart disease |
Cyt | Celi | leucocytes, phagocytosis |
Dent | Teeth | Dentistry, Dental |
Derm | Skin | Epidermis, Epidermal |
Dilation | Open/Wide | peripheral vasodilation, dilation |
Dipl | Two; double | diplococcus, diplegia |
Dont | Teeth | periodontal disease, orthodontic specialist |
Dynam | Power/Strength | dynamic equilibrium, urodynamic |
Ech | Sound | Catecholamines |
Ectop | Located away from usual place | ECTOPIC PREGNANCY, echocardiogram |
Electro | Electricity | Electrolyte, electrocardiograph |
Enceph | In the head | encephalitis, encephalopathy |
Enceph/Cerebra | Brain | Cerebral, cerebrospinal fluid |
Enter | Intestines | ENTERIC FEVER |
Erythr | Red | erythromycin |
Fibr | Fibrous Tissue | Fibromyalgia, systic fibrosis |
Gastra | Stomach | Gastritis, Gastroesophageal reflux |
Geron | Old age/aged | Gerontology, gerontology |
Gluc | Sugar/sweetness | Glucose |
Glyc | Sugar | Hyperglycemia, |
Gyn-/Mens | Woman | Gynaecologist, Gynaecology |
Hem(at) | Blood | erythematosus |
Hepati | Liver | Hepatitis, |
Histio | Tissue | histiocytoma. |
Hom | Same | Homeostatic machine |
Hydr | Water | betahydroxybutyric |
Hyst | Uterus | HYSTERECTOMY, |
Idio | Unknown | idiopathic facial nerve palsy, |
Isch | Deficiency | transientocular ISCHAEMIA, |
Kin | movement | Kineseology |
Lac | Milk | Lactose intolerance |
Later | Medicine | Bilateral, lateral flexion |
Leuk | White | Leukocytes |
Lingu | Tongue | Linguistics |
Lip | Fat | lipids |
Macr | Abnormal/largeness | Macrocytic |
Mammo | Breast | Mammory gland, mammogram |
Mon | One | adenosine monophosphate |
Morph | Form/Shape | allelomorph, |
Myelo | Bone marrow | MYELOMATOSIS |
My | Muscle | Myocite, Amyotrophy |
Myc | Fungus | erythromycin, Actinomycosis |
Natal | Birth | Antenatal care |
Necro | Death | renal tubularnecrosis. |
Nephro | Kidney | NEPHROBLASTOMA |
Neuro | Nerve | Neurosurgeon, neurology |
Onco | Mass/Tumor | oncogenes |
Opto/Opthal | Eye | optometry |
Oste | Bone | osteoporosis |
Ox | Oxygen | hypoxaemia,ANTIOXIDANTS, |
Path | Disease | Pathogenesis |
Ped | Child/foot | pediatric |
Phag | Eat/swallow | PHAGOCYTOSIS |
Phleb | vein | phlebography. |
Photo | light | PHOTOPHOBIA, photoprotection |
Pneu | air | pnuemonia, pneumonitis |
Pseud | fake | Pseudomonas pyocyanea |
Psych | mind | Psychology, Psychologist |
Ren | kidney | renal tubularnecrosis, renal artery |
Somat | body | somatic cholinergic transmission |
Therapy | treatment | Physiotherapy |
Therm | heat | Hyperthemia |
Thrombo | clot | Thrombosis |
Trans | through | transverse abdonimus, transesophageal echocardiogram |
Vas | vessel/duct | vasovagal syncope |
Prefix | Meaning | Example(s) |
a/an- | Without or absence of | ANTENATAL CARE, anemia, anarobic |
Ab- | From; away | abdominal |
Acro- | Extremity/tip | Acrocyanosis, Acromegaly |
Ad- | Towards | Adrenal glands, adductor longus |
Anti-, Anter- | Against | ANTICOAGULANTS, anterior, antibiotic |
Bi- | Two | bile ducts, bicuspid valve |
Bio- | Life | biologist, biotics |
Bin- | Two | Binocular, binovular twins |
Brady- | Slow | bradycardia, bradykinesia |
Chemo- | Chemicals | chemotherapy, chemotherapeutic |
Co, Con, Com- | With/together | constipation, compound |
Contra- | Against | contractions, contraceptive, contraband |
De- | From, down from; lack | devascularization, dehydration |
Derm- | Skin | Dermatitis |
Dia- | Through; complete | diaphragm, diagnose, dialysis |
Dis- | To unto; Free from | dislocation, disinfect |
Dys- | Difficult; abnormal | Dysmorphia, dyspraxia |
Ecto- | Outside; outer | ectoderm, ectoenzyme |
Endo- | Within | endosteum |
Epi- | On; upon; ever | epidermophyton, epiglotis |
Eso- | Into/Inward/Within | esophoria, esophagus |
Eu- | Normal/Good | eustachian tube |
Ex- | Outside/toward | extensor digiti quinti, exhale |
Exo- | outside | exocrine gland |
Extra- | Outside of/beyond | extrafusal, extraction |
Chole- | bile | cholepoiesis, cholestoral |
Dent- | teeth | dental |
Hemi- | half | hemianopsia |
Hyper- | above/excessive | hypergylcemia, hypertension |
Hypo- | below/incomplete | hypothyroid, hypotension |
In- | in | inferior vena cava, inhale, injection |
Infra- | under/below | inframammary fold |
Inter- | between | The internal jugular vein |
Intra- | within | intramural fibroid |
Later- | lateral/side | lateral flexion |
Mal- | bad | malignant tumor |
Macro- | large | macroglossia |
Meso- | middle | mesoduodenum, mesoderm |
Micro- | small | microbacteria |
Multi- | many | multigravida, multiscleorosis |
Neo- | new | neonatal |
Para- | beside, around | parasite, parathyrodi glands |
Peri- | surrounding | pericardial |
Poly- | many | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
Post- | after | posterior fossa |
Pre/Pro- | before | Presurgical Testing, pronation |
Re/Retro- | back/behind | retroviruses, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, |
Semi- | half | semi-synthetic derivative, |
Sept- | bacteria | SEPTICAEMIA, sepsis |
Sub- | under/below | substances, subcutaneous |
Super- | over/above | superficial, superspinatus |
Sym/syn- | together/joined | synthesis, symbiosis, symptoms |
Tetra/Quad- | four | quadriceps, tetralogy |
Trans- | through | transverse abdominus, transvestite, transfusion, transdermal |
Tri- | three | tricep brachii, triple bypass |
Ultra- | beyond | ultrasound, ultraviolet light |
Uni- | one | universal, unicellular, unilateral |
Suffixes | Meaning | Example(s) |
-algia | pain | Arthralgia, cruralgia |
-ase | enzyme | liphase, hydrolases |
-Ary/ous | pertaining to | urinary, pulmonary artery disease |
-crine | separate/secrete | endocrine glands, Amsacrine |
-cyte | cell | leukocyte, erthrocyte |
-Eal/ial | pertaining to | partial oxidation, facial |
-ectasis | expansion | Atelectasis |
-ectomy | excision/removal | Apicectomy, abdominohysterectomy |
-ectopia | displacement | ectopia cordis |
-emia | blood condition | anemia |
-estesia | sensation | anestesia |
-gram | record, x-ray | ELECTROCARDIOGRAM |
-graph | instrument used to record | electrocardiograph |
-graphy | process of recording | cardiography |
-ia | condition of being in an abnormal state | hyperthermia, hyperglycemia |
-ism | state of | ameboidism, |
-itis | inflammation | arthitis, hepatitis |
-mania | madness | psychomania, |
-meter | instrument used to measure | diameter |
-metry | measurement | oximetry |
-morph | form/shape | ectomorph, endomorph |
-ologist | one who studies | biologist |
-ology | study of | psychology |
-oma | tumor/swelling | carcinoma |
-opsy | to view | biopsy |
-otomy | cut into | episiotomy, myotomy |
-oxia | oxygen | hypoxia, hyperoxia |
-pathy | disease | homeopathy, neuropathy |
-philia | love | philia |
-phobia | abnormal fear | hydrophobia |
-phoria | feeling | euphoria |
-plasia | formation/development | neoplasia, hyperplasia |
-plasm | growth/substance | cytoplasm, |
-plegia | paralysis | quadriplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia |
-pnea | breathing | hypopnea |
-ptosis | drooping/sagging | apoptosis |
-gen | producing | carcinogen |
-lysis | destruction/death | hydrolysis |
-sarcoma | malignant tumor | osteosarcoma, neurosarcoma |
-schisis | split/fracture | retinoschisis |
-schlerosis | hardening | multipleschelorsis |
-scope | instrument used for visual exam | stephascope, microscope, endoscope |
-stenosis- | constriction | spinal stenosis |
-thorax | chest | pneumothorax |
-trophy | nourishment/growth | allotroph |
-uria | urine | erythruria |
Dermatitis- Inflammation of the skin
2. Lactase- Enzyme in milk
3. Hemophobic- Fear of blood
4. Encephalogram- X-ray image or recording of the brain’s activity
5. Arthritis- The inflammation of joints
6. Carcinogen- Potential substances that can cause cancer
7. Psychology- The study of the mind
8. Vasodilation- The widening of blood vessels
9. Histogram- x-ray or image of tissue
10. Hysterectomy- Surgical removal of the uterus
11. Neurologist- A person who studies the brain
12. Neonatal- Relating to a new born child
13. Malnutrition- Lack of or too much nutrition in the body
14. Carcinoma- A cancerous tumor in the epithelial cells
15. Anesthesia- The temporary loss of any sensation
16. electrocardiograph (ECG)- Reading of the heartbeat
17. Micro-organism- Microscopic/small organisms
18. Physiology- The study of physical life
19. Photosynthesis- Conversion of light energy into glucose energy
20. Trimester- A period of three months
21. Thermo-electric- a conversion between electric voltage and heat temperature
22. Leukocyte- White blood cells
23. Cytology- The study of cells
24. Hematoma- An accumulation of free blood
25. Intercellular- Located among cells
26. Intracellular- Occurring within cells
27. Osteoma- Benign bone tumor
28. Microcyte- red blood cells
29. Arthrectomy- Surgical excision of the joint
30. periodontal disease- A gum infection that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the tooth
31. Hyperthyroidism- The product of too much thyroid hormone
32. Iridology- Examination of the iris
33. Macrobiotics- Promoting well-being and longevity
34. Asymptomatic- An affected person showing no signs of symptoms
35. Cholecystectomy- Surgical removal of the gallbladder
36. electromyograph (EMG)- Electrical recording of the muscle activity
37. Neuralgia- Pain due to the damaged neurons
38. Hydrotherapy- Using any method of water to health/relax the body
39. electrodermal response (EDR)- measures electrical changes in the skin caused by sweat gland
40. pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)- Physical and emotional symptoms experienced days before a woman’s period
41. Psychosomatic- A physical disorder caused by one’s emotional/mental health
42. Psychodynamic- therapy technique that assumes improper or unwanted behavior
43. Sinusitis- Inflammation of the sinuses
44. Triglycerides- A type of fat found in the blood
45. Thrombophlebitis- Inflammatory process causing blood-clotting
46. Biology- The study of life
47. Hepatitis- The inflammation of your liver
48. Hyperthermia- The production of too much heat
52. Abdominohysterectomy- The removal of the uterus
53. Psychologist- Someone who studies the mind
54. Appendicitis- The inflammation of the appendix
55. Post-partum- After birth
56. Gynecologist- Someone who studies disease/conditions involving women
57. Mammogram- X-ray image of breasts
58. Biopsy- The examination of life
59. Dysplasia- Abnormal growth of cells
60. Apnea- The cessation of breathing when asleep
61. Sternocleidomastoid- A muscle found in your neck, connecting your sternum, clavicle and mastoid together
62. Bradycardia- The slowing down of the heartbeat
63. Pericarditis- Inflammation of the pericardium (thin membrane around heart)
64. Euphoria- A feeling of intense joy/excitement
65. Antacid- counteracting acidity
66. Post-mortem- Occurring after death
67. Ileostomy- Stoma of the small intestine
68. ectopic pregnancy- fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity (Fallopian tube) of the uterus
69. Epilepsy- Neurological disorder
70. Hemophilia- Blood disorder
71. Hypotrophy- Progressive loss of vitality
72. Dysuria- feel pain or a burning sensation in urination
73. Thermometer- Measure the internal temperature of the body
74. Vasectomy- surgical procedure performed on males in which the vas deferens (tubes that conduct sperm from the testicles to the penis) are cut, tied, cauterized, or otherwise interrupted.
75. Neuropathy- Nerve damage
76. Chondrocytes- Cell in cartilage
Paraplegia (two limbs)
hemiplegia (one side, happens during a stroke)
quadriplegia (four limbs)