history test 4/30/25

Sarajevo: The capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in a valley surrounded by the Dinaric Alps. It is historically significant for being the site of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination in 1914, which triggered World War I.

Gavrilo Princip: A Bosnian Serb nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggering World War I.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination sparked the beginning of World War I.

Kaiser Wilhelm II: The last German Emperor and King of Prussia during World War I, known for his militaristic policies and role in the war's escalation.

Vladimir Lenin: A Russian revolutionary leader who led the Bolshevik Revolution and established a communist government in Russia.

Armin Wegner: A German writer and humanitarian known for his work documenting the Armenian Genocide.

Militarism: A belief in building up armed forces to prepare for war, often leading to an arms race.

Imperialism: The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Total War or Warfare: A war involving not only the military but also the civilian population, with all resources and efforts mobilized for the war effort.

“Over the Top”: A military phrase referring to soldiers climbing out of their trenches to attack the enemy, often resulting in heavy casualties.

Trench Warfare: A type of combat typical of World War I, where opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.

Chemical Weapons: Weapons that utilize chemical substances to cause harm, notably used during World War I.

Propaganda: Information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or viewpoint, especially during wartime.

Schlieffen Plan: Germany's military strategy in World War I aimed at a quick victory against France before turning to fight Russia.

Armistice: An agreement to stop fighting, leading to a cessation of hostilities, particularly notable in 1918 for World War I.

Self-determination: The right of nations to determine their own political status and govern themselves.

Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself or another state without external interference.

When did the war begin?
World War I began on July 28, 1914.

When did it end?
The war ended on November 11, 1918.

Russian Revolution (October 1917)

  • Why did it occur when it did?
    The revolution took place due to a combination of social unrest, military defeats in World War I, and economic hardship, leading to widespread dissatisfaction with the Tsarist regime.

  • Who led the Revolution?
    The revolution was led by the Bolshevik Party, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.

  • What did they advocate for?
    They advocated for a socialist government, land redistribution, and peace negotiations to end Russia’s involvement in World War I.

Armenian Genocide

  • Why did it occur?
    The genocide occurred due to the Ottoman Empire's desire to eliminate the Armenian population, whom they viewed as a threat amidst World War I.

  • Who perpetrated the genocide?
    The genocide was perpetrated by the Ottoman authorities, particularly the Young Turk government.

  • Why?
    It was motivated by a combination of nationalism, war-time paranoia, and economic factors aiming to create a homogenous Turkish state at the expense of the Armenian population.