Grade 5 Science Notes: Water Resources and Impact on Environment

Objective: Students will identify and label different water sources on Earth, distinguishing between freshwater and saltwater.
- Key Pages: 12, 13
- Water Sources:
- Freshwater Sources:
  - Definition: Water that is not salty, typically found in rivers, lakes, and streams.
  - Examples:
  - Snow
  - Streams
  - Rivers
  - Lakes
  - Groundwater
  - Ice Cap
  - Glacier
- Running Water:
  - Types: Rivers, Streams
- Standing Water:
  - Types: Lakes, Reservoirs
- Saltwater Sources:
  - Definition: Water with a high salt concentration, primarily found in oceans and seas.
  - Examples: Ocean, Sea

Objective: Students will explain the effects of pollution on water sources and identify causes of environmental problems such as acid rain and algal blooms.
- Key Page: 26
- Causes of Water Pollution:
- Algal Blooms
- Acid Rain
- Plastic Pollution
- Oil Spills
Algal Bloom:
- Definition: A rapid growth of algae in water.
- Cause: Excess nutrients, particularly fertilizers, enter the water, promoting algae growth.
- Evidence & Effects:
- Water may appear green and may emit a foul smell.
- Results in decreased oxygen levels in water,
  leading to a decline in aquatic populations.
Conservation and the Three Rs:
- Overview: Students will understand conservation concepts and apply the Three Rs to life situations, especially in saving water at home.
- Three Rs Explained:
- Reduce: Minimizing the amount of waste created.
- Reuse: Utilizing items more than once instead of discarding them.
- Recycle: Giving new life to products instead of throwing them away.
- Key Page: 27
Acid Rain:
- Definition: Rain containing harmful acids resulting from air pollution.
- Cause: Emissions from factories, vehicles, and the burning of fossil fuels contribute to air pollution.
- Evidence & Effects:
- Damages plants, buildings, and water sources.
- Leads to reduced populations of both aquatic life and plants.
- Key Page: 29

Objective: Students will understand the meanings of erosion and deposition and explain how moving water or ice can change landforms.
- Key Page: 42
Comparing Water Speed:
- Fast Moving Water:
- Behavior: Follows a straight path, capable of washing larger amounts of sediment.
- Slow Moving Water:
- Behavior: Follows a curved path, carrying smaller particles of sediment.
Identification of River Landforms:
- Examples: Meanders
- Deposition Process: Understanding how sediment is deposited in rivers.
Consequences of Sediment Deposition:
- Delta:
- Formation Process: When rivers flow into larger bodies of water, the current slows down, allowing sediment to settle on the bottom, leading to delta formation.
- Description: Delta builds up where water that carries sediment enters a lake or ocean, resulting in a flat, low area formed by sediment.
- Alluvial Fan:
- Formation Process: Occurs when a river exits a steep canyon, spreading out and slowing down, resulting in sediment being deposited.
- Description: Forms a wide, fan-shaped area made up of sediment.
Natural Causes of Floods:
- Objective: Students will identify natural causes of floods and understand how weather events can affect land and water systems.
- Key Page: 45