Unit 10 - Mental/Physical Health

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

exercising signature strengths

  • ppl who exercise signature strength are found to be happier

gratitude

  • ppl w/ gratitude journal more happy/healthier habits

objective experience - can be counted/observed

  • income/financial stability, physical health, edu, house, safety/security, social condition

posttraumtic growth

  • after trauma, ppl develop greater personal strength/deep relationship, renew appreciation for life

subjective experience - how ppl feel/think about lives

  • personal (not happy from same thing)

  • feelings/affect (how often pos vs neg feeling)

  • thoughts (how satisfied w/ life)

EXPLAIN/CLASSIFY PSYCH DISORDER

deviation - outside the norm

  • scared of cotton balls in CVS

distress - person/loves ones around distressed

dysfunction/maladaptive - isn’t doing proper/daily tasks

  • don’t shower/brush teeth

evidence based diagnostic tools

  • APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel (DSM)

  • WHO International classification of mental disorder (ICD)

negative symptoms - absence of normal behavior

positive symptoms - addition of not normal behavior

DEFINE PSYCH DISORDER

behavioral - reinforcement, punishment, learned helplessness, conditioning

  • explain depression: depressive behaviors reinforced, non depressive behavior punished

    • treat by switching

biological - genetic predisposition, neurochemical inbalance

  • explain depression: low level of norepinephrine/serotonin

    • treat by antidepressant med

      • SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

      • electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

      • transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

cognitive - maladaptive thoughts

  • explain depression: attribution theory (person w/ depression thinks internal, stable, global)

    • cognitive triad - feel about self, world, future

    • treat by rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT)

      • challenge rational beliefs, Adversity Belief Consequence

      • replace bad thought w/ rational

eclectic approach - use best parts of diff therapy (look at all factors not just one)

evolutionary - survival needs, need to reproduce

humanistic - choices (self esteem/if basic needs met)

  • explain depression: person may not believe can/worthy of making better choices

    • treat by build self-esteem

psychodynamic - unconscious mind

  • early childhood trauma unconsciously affecting

sociocultural - ppl one is surrounded by

  • explain depression: family, friends, social connection may be depressed/create social norm for depressive behavior

INTERACTION MODEL

biopsychosocial

  • biological: gene, physical health, disbaility

  • psychological: social skills, self-esteem, coping

  • social: peers, school, family

diathesis-stress

  • genetic predisposition + stress leads to develop symptoms

TREATMENT OF PSYCH DISORDER

cultural humility - self reflection to own bias, learn each client unique experience

ethical principles

  • nonmalefiecence: do no harm

  • fidelity: keep promise/faithfulness (confidentiality)

  • integrity: honesty/truthfulness (about qualifications)

  • respect for ppl right/dignity: treat w/ respect, respect autonomy

therapeutic alliance - mutual goals, agreement on task, emotional connection

SELECTION OF CAT OF PSYCH DISORDER

anxiety disorders

  • acrophobia (heights), arachnophobia (spiders)

  • agoraphobia: anxiety w/ at least 2+

    • leaving home alone

    • enclosed space

    • being in crowd/line

    • open space (bridge)

    • public trans

  • generalized anxiety disorder: persistent symptom of excited sympathetic nervous system w neg feeling/fear, not trigger by specific event

  • panic disorder: unpredictable, min long intense anxiety attack, as if going to be killed but no apparent threat

    • ataque de nervios: puerto rico/latin america/caribbean communities

      • emotional distress, heat in chest, shake, physical/verbal aggression

      • stressful events (usually fam) trigger

  • possible causes:

    • neurochem imbalance: serotonin down, norepin up, GABA down

  • social anxiety disorder: fear of judgement

    • taijin kyofusho: japan

      • intense fear of offending others based on how they look/sound/smell

bipolar disorders

  • cycling: shift in mood bw severe high (mania) severe low (depress)

  • mania: excessive elation, irritable, less sleep, grandiose notion, race thought

    • can lead to psychosis (break w/ reality)

  • bipolar 1: full blown mania (7 day/hospital), easy diagnose

  • bipolar 2: hypomania (less severe 4 days), mostly depressed, no psychosis, often misdaignosed as depression bc minor mania

  • possible cause: bio (treat w med (lithium))

depressive disorders (treat by antidepressant (SSRI, ECT, TMS)

  • symptoms

    • mood: persistent sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, restless, irritate

    • behavior: decreased energy, sleep problem, change appetite, persistent physical problem

    • thoughts: difficult concentrating, thoughts of death, suicide

  • major: more extreme, but not as long (fluctuate)

    • at least 2 week, more severe/episodic, more self-harm thoughts

  • persistent

    • not as extreme but persistent

    • at least 2 yr (adult)/1yr (child), less severe/chronic

dissociative disorders

  • dissociations from consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, behavior (mind sep from body)

  • dissociative amnesia: inability to recall important autiobio info of traumatic/stress nature

    • inconsistent w/ orrdinary forgetting

      • fugue state: purposeful travel/assumption of new identity

    • possible cause: emotional/psych trauma, up stress/anxiety, PTSD

  • dissociative identity disorder: 2 or more distinct personality states

    • gaps in recall of everyday events, personal info

    • traumatic event inconsistent w/ forgetting

    • mind partitions into personality who may not know each other,, one to handle stress situation

    • possible cause: severe/chornic childhood trauma, disorganize fearful attachment, fantasy prone

  • treatment

    • grounding techniques: 5 (see)-4 (touch)-3 (hear)-2 (smell)- 1(taste)

    • cognitive behavior therapy

feeding/eating disorders

  • anorexia: restricted food intake

  • bulimia: binge eating + purge (ex. throw up)

  • treatment: CBT, family-based therapy

neuro developmental disorder (symptom before 18)

  • ADHD: inattention, disorganization, hyper activity, impulsivity

    • bio: genetic, neurotransmitter imbalance, prefrontal not as good

    • psycho: stress makes worse

    • social: fam/school stable, good socioecon helps lessen symptom

    • treat by stimulant (ritalin/adderall) which increase dopamine/norepinephrine, cog-behavior therapy

  • ASD: deficit in social communication, restricted repetitive pattern of behavior/interest/activity, must have symptom before 18

    • bio: genetic, prenatal factors, brain structure

    • treat by behavioral (ABA applied behavioral analysis, teach new skill reduce challenge behavior), token economy (get check get prize)

OCD

  • obsessions: intrusive thoughts/fears

  • compulsions: repetitive behavior that soothe fear

schizophrenia spectrum disorder (1% pop, identical twin has other 50% change)

  • positive symptoms

    • hallucination

    • delusion (false belief)

      • persecution - someone out to get me

      • grandeur - im important

    • disorganized thinking/speech (word salad)

  • negative symptoms

    • flat affect (expressionless)

    • catatonic stupor (lack of motion)

  • possible cause

    • genetic vulnerability+stress, prenatal virus exposure, brain diff in frontal cortex/thalamus/enlarged ventricles, too many dopamine receptors

personality disorders

  • deviant from one culture, prevasive/inflexible, begin in adolescence/early adulthood, stable over time, leads to personal distress/impairment

  • cluster a: odd/eccentric

    • paranoid: pervasive distrust/suspiciouness of others, where motives interpreted as bad

      • ppl whispering about them

    • schizoid: lack of interest in social relationships, prefers olitary, limited express emotion

    • schizotypal: odd thought/behavior, unusual belief/expereinces, difficult social interaction

      • believe psychic abilities

  • cluster b: dramatic/emotional/erratic

    • antisocial: disregard for social rules, deceitful, impulsive, lack of remorse

    • borderline: instable interpersonal relation, self-image, emotion, impulsive

      • mood change quickly

    • histrionic: excessive emotionality/attention seek behavior, need reassurance/validation

      • pretend to faint, exaggerate stories

    • narcissistic: grandiose sense of self-importance, need admiration, lack of empathy

      • think better than everyone

  • cluster c: envious/fearful

    • avoidant: social inhibition, feel inadequate, fear of criticism/rejection/judgement

    • dependent: need to be taken care of, fear of abandonment, difficult make independent decision

      • cant make decision w/out answer from others

    • obsessive-compulsive: preoccupation w orderliness, perfectionism, control

trauma related disorders

  • possible causes: prolong/intense stress situation like war/rape, child abuse/neglect, pre exist mental health

  • ptsd: exposure to threat of death, injury, sex violence

    • hypervigilance, flashbacks, emotional detachment, hostility

    • difficult sleep, nightmare, anxiety attack/GAD, intrusive memory, guilt

  • treatment: dialectical behavioral therapy