Allergic Reactions
While they can be fatal, fatalities from allergic reactions are very rare (less than 1,500 deaths for every age group and allergy).
Statistics
- 50 million Americans have some form of allergy.
- Allergies are increasing, perhaps due to too sterile of a lifestyle.
- Food and insect allergies are then most common out of the hospital, with food being the most prevalent.
- Children are the most affected age group.
- Between 1997 and 2007, the number of children who had allergies rose by 18%!
What causes an allergy to develop?
The immune system mistakenly overreacts to a harmless allergen, thinking it is some sort of pathogen.
Histamine is released, causing itching, hives, rash, and sneezing, among other symptoms.
Anaphylaxis can result in minutes during a severe allergic reaction. All the blood vessels of the body dilate, dropping blood pressure and causing hypoxia. Treaded by epinephrine.
Food Allergens
- Peanuts
- Tree Nuts
- Fish
- Shellfish
- Eggs
- Milk
- Wheat
- Soy
Peanuts tend to be the most common allergen.
Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock
- Trouble breathing
- Wheezing
- Tightness of throat
- Itchy tounge
- Swelling
- Hives
- Itching, flushed, or pale skin
- Rapid heart
- Low blood pressure
- Nausea/vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Unconsciousness
If you see any of these symptoms and you suspect an allergic reaction, call for help. Do not wait for the symptoms to get worse.
Administer epinephrine if you can. Keep the person calm, and have them sit in a position of comfort.
If the person feels like they might faint, lie them down, elevate the legs, and keep them warm. Monitor breathing, and be prepared to start CPR should they stop breathing.
An allergic reaction can happen again following a previous reaction, so be cautious. Observe the patient for 4-6 hours following the initial event.