Study Notes: Exam Preparation and Muscle Groups for Movements of the Wrist and Hand***

Final Exam Overview

  • Final exam is scheduled for next Tuesday
      - This is a mid-year exam, similar to previous finals
  • There will be a wrap-up regarding key concepts covered in the course
  • Upcoming review lab scheduled for Thursday
      - Review of quiz six
      - Summary study guide will be provided to assist with exam preparation
  • Important to focus on new content covered today that is not on LinkedIn

Course Evaluations

  • Course evaluations are currently open
      - Instructor appreciates honest feedback from students
      - Constructive feedback is preferred to help improve the course
      - Bonus points for evaluations submitted are often incentivized
      - Instructions for submitting evaluations via Blackboard after completion

Muscle Groups Related to Movements of the Wrist and Hand

Overview of Muscle Types

  • Extrinsic Muscles: Reside outside of where they act
      - Responsible for wrist movements (flexion and extension)
      - Flexors located on the medial/anterior side; extensors on the posterior/lateral side
      - Important to know muscle attachments on the medial vs. lateral corresponding condyles
  • Intrinsic Muscles: Muscles contained within the hand
      - Active in fine motor movements, primarily in thumb and pinky muscle groups

Muscle Actions and Locations

  • Wrist Muscles:
      - Flexors: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus
      - Extensors: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Phalangeal Muscles:
      - Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS): Flexes up to middle phalanx
      - Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP): Flexes up to distal phalanx
      - Flexor Pollicis Longus: Intrinsic flexor for thumb
Distinction Between Superficialis and Profundus
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis:
      - Stops at the middle phalanx
      - Flexes proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus:
      - Goes to the distal phalanx
      - Allows for flexion at distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint

Movements at the Wrist Joint

  • Convex joint allowing:
      - Flexion/extension
      - Radial/ulnar deviation
  • The Humerus Longus does not contribute to frontal plane motion due to its positioning relative to the joint's axis

Explanation of Grasping Movements

Grasping with a Screwdriver Example

  1. Screwdriver Holding and Twisting:
       - Muscle Actions:
         - Supination:
           - Primary Movers: Biceps Brachii (stronger than Supinator) and Supinator
       - Isometric Actions:
         - Finger flexors are engaged to stabilize grip on the screwdriver
  2. Finger Movement Mechanics:
       - Identification of muscles responsible for squeezing the screwdriver
       - Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus for strong grip and flexibility
       - Thumb: Flexor Pollicis Longus for thumb flexion during grip

Engagement of Upper Limb Muscles in Dart Throwing Example

  1. Throwing the Dart:
       - Motion from shoulder through wrist and fingers to the target
       - Concentrically extending elbow for propulsion
       - Isometric contractions in stabilizing muscles to prevent unwanted motion
  2. Muscles Involved:
       - Shoulder:
         - Flexors: Anterior Deltoid for shoulder flexion (isometric contraction when holding)
         - Stabilizers: Rotator cuff muscles engaged to maintain shoulder position
       - Elbow Extension:
         - Extensors: Triceps activated to propel arm forward
       - Wrist Mechanics:
         - Movement through careful control of flexors and extensors to facilitate fine motor skills for holding dart and eventual release

Transition to Dart Release Mechanics

  • Before dart release:
      - Isometric hold of finger flexors allows precision
  • As the dart is thrown:
      - Opening the Fingers:
       - Engagement of Extensor Indicis and Extensor Pollicis Longus for release

Conclusion of Lesson

  • An overview of the relationship between the muscular engagement during various tasks
  • Importance of muscle identification and understanding movement origins for practical applications
  • Emphasis on organizing and revising material to grasp a holistic understanding of anatomy and functions pertinent to elbow, wrist, and finger movements.

Reminders

  • Focus on understanding origins, actions, and muscle groups for effective studying
  • Encourage clarification of any remaining questions before the final exam preparation